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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dementia is an insidious cognitive disorder featuring a decline in cognition that is not well explained by the physiology of aging. Dementia includes a group of disorders that are distinguished by a gradual loss of both cognition and the capability to execute day-to-day functions.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 elderly participants in areas surrounding the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India. Those with more than 65 years of age were included in the study, and those suffering from serious illnesses were excluded. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale, the University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess cognitive status, loneliness, and depression, respectively, among the study participants. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI), depression, and loneliness.
RESULTS: The average MOCA score of the study participants was 14.9 ± 6.9, with 28.6% of the participants exhibiting severe CI. Nearly half of the participants (49.2%) experienced moderate to high degrees of loneliness, and 39.3% experienced moderate to severe depression. Important factors found to be associated with severe CI were illiteracy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.85, 95% CI: 1.35-4.45), urban residence (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.81), living with a spouse (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.78), not consuming alcohol (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.87), and depression (AOR: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.37-14.67).
CONCLUSIONS: CI is a serious public health problem in India. With the increasing proportion of the elderly population in the near future, CI levels will increase, especially in countries like India. Timely interventions such as early identification through community-based screening, the inclusion of a geriatric health component in primary health care, and proper counseling will help address this problem at a grassroots level.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 elderly participants in areas surrounding the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India. Those with more than 65 years of age were included in the study, and those suffering from serious illnesses were excluded. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale, the University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess cognitive status, loneliness, and depression, respectively, among the study participants. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI), depression, and loneliness.
RESULTS: The average MOCA score of the study participants was 14.9 ± 6.9, with 28.6% of the participants exhibiting severe CI. Nearly half of the participants (49.2%) experienced moderate to high degrees of loneliness, and 39.3% experienced moderate to severe depression. Important factors found to be associated with severe CI were illiteracy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.85, 95% CI: 1.35-4.45), urban residence (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.81), living with a spouse (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.78), not consuming alcohol (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.87), and depression (AOR: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.37-14.67).
CONCLUSIONS: CI is a serious public health problem in India. With the increasing proportion of the elderly population in the near future, CI levels will increase, especially in countries like India. Timely interventions such as early identification through community-based screening, the inclusion of a geriatric health component in primary health care, and proper counseling will help address this problem at a grassroots level.
摘要：
背景：痴呆是一种隐匿的认知障碍，其特征是认知能力下降，无法通过衰老的生理学很好地解释。痴呆症包括一组以认知和执行日常功能的能力逐渐丧失为特征的疾病。
方法：我们在全印度医学科学研究所周围地区的384名老年参与者中进行了一项横断面研究。Bibinagar,Telangana,印度。65岁以上的人被纳入研究，那些患有严重疾病的人被排除在外。蒙特利尔认知评估（MOCA）量表，加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)孤独量表，和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）用于评估认知状态，孤独,和抑郁症,分别,在研究参与者中。进行Logistic回归以确定与认知障碍（CI）相关的因素，抑郁症,和孤独。
结果：研究参与者的平均MOCA评分为14.9±6.9，28.6%的参与者表现出严重的CI。近一半的参与者(49.2%)经历了中等到高度的孤独感，39.3%出现中度至重度抑郁症。发现与严重CI相关的重要因素是文盲（校正比值比（AOR）：2.85，95％CI：1.35-4.45），城市住宅(AOR：0.18，95%CI：0.04-0.81)，与配偶生活在一起(AOR：0.23，95%CI：0.11-0.78)，不饮酒（AOR：0.35，95%CI：0.14-0.87），和抑郁（AOR：4.49，95%CI：1.37-14.67）。
结论：CI在印度是一个严重的公共卫生问题。随着近期老年人口比例的增加,CI水平会增加，尤其是像印度这样的国家。及时的干预措施，例如通过社区筛查进行早期识别，将老年健康部分纳入初级保健，适当的咨询将有助于在基层解决这个问题。
方法：我们在全印度医学科学研究所周围地区的384名老年参与者中进行了一项横断面研究。Bibinagar,Telangana,印度。65岁以上的人被纳入研究，那些患有严重疾病的人被排除在外。蒙特利尔认知评估（MOCA）量表，加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)孤独量表，和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）用于评估认知状态，孤独,和抑郁症,分别,在研究参与者中。进行Logistic回归以确定与认知障碍（CI）相关的因素，抑郁症,和孤独。
结果：研究参与者的平均MOCA评分为14.9±6.9，28.6%的参与者表现出严重的CI。近一半的参与者(49.2%)经历了中等到高度的孤独感，39.3%出现中度至重度抑郁症。发现与严重CI相关的重要因素是文盲（校正比值比（AOR）：2.85，95％CI：1.35-4.45），城市住宅(AOR：0.18，95%CI：0.04-0.81)，与配偶生活在一起(AOR：0.23，95%CI：0.11-0.78)，不饮酒（AOR：0.35，95%CI：0.14-0.87），和抑郁（AOR：4.49，95%CI：1.37-14.67）。
结论：CI在印度是一个严重的公共卫生问题。随着近期老年人口比例的增加,CI水平会增加，尤其是像印度这样的国家。及时的干预措施，例如通过社区筛查进行早期识别，将老年健康部分纳入初级保健，适当的咨询将有助于在基层解决这个问题。
