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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physical fitness level and health behavior status of preschool children in China, explore the relationship between physical fitness and health behavior, and further reveal the main factors affecting health behavior, to provide a reference for improving the physical fitness level of preschool children and maintaining healthy behavior.
METHODS: A total of 755 preschool children (394 boys and 361 girls, aged 4.52 ± 1.11 years) were selected from Chongqing and Liupanshui in China by cluster random sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical monitoring, and SPSS21.0 software was used to process and analyze the data.
RESULTS: (1) Heart rate (p = 0.015), protein content (p < 0.001), and time spent on the balance beam (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in boys than in girls, while BMI (p = 0.012), muscle mass (p < 0.001), and distance of standing long jump (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Meanwhile, systolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001) of rural children were significantly higher than those of urban children, while BMI (p < 0.001) and sitting forward flexion (p = 0.019) were significantly lower than those of urban children. (2) The light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of boys were significantly higher than that of girls (p < 0.001), and the MVPA of urban children was significantly higher than that of rural children (p = 0.001), and the former participated in sports classes more frequently (p < 0.001). (3) There was a significant correlation between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness indicators of preschoolers. Participating in sports interest classes was only significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.08) and sitting forward flexion (r = 0.09). (4) The PA level of preschool children was related to gender, household registration, kindergarten nature, age, residence environment, parental support, and participation degree. Participation in sports interest classes was related to gender, the nature of the kindergarten, household registration, age, and parent participation. Daily screen time was related to household registration, the nature of the kindergarten, the environment of residence, and the value perception of parents.
CONCLUSIONS: There were different degrees of correlation between preschool children\'s physical fitness and health behaviors, and children\'s health behaviors were closely related to gender, environment, parents, and other factors. Therefore, how to increase the protective factors of children\'s health behaviors and controlling the risk factors may be crucial to promoting the development of good health behaviors and improving the physical fitness of preschool children.
METHODS: A total of 755 preschool children (394 boys and 361 girls, aged 4.52 ± 1.11 years) were selected from Chongqing and Liupanshui in China by cluster random sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical monitoring, and SPSS21.0 software was used to process and analyze the data.
RESULTS: (1) Heart rate (p = 0.015), protein content (p < 0.001), and time spent on the balance beam (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in boys than in girls, while BMI (p = 0.012), muscle mass (p < 0.001), and distance of standing long jump (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Meanwhile, systolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001) of rural children were significantly higher than those of urban children, while BMI (p < 0.001) and sitting forward flexion (p = 0.019) were significantly lower than those of urban children. (2) The light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of boys were significantly higher than that of girls (p < 0.001), and the MVPA of urban children was significantly higher than that of rural children (p = 0.001), and the former participated in sports classes more frequently (p < 0.001). (3) There was a significant correlation between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness indicators of preschoolers. Participating in sports interest classes was only significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.08) and sitting forward flexion (r = 0.09). (4) The PA level of preschool children was related to gender, household registration, kindergarten nature, age, residence environment, parental support, and participation degree. Participation in sports interest classes was related to gender, the nature of the kindergarten, household registration, age, and parent participation. Daily screen time was related to household registration, the nature of the kindergarten, the environment of residence, and the value perception of parents.
CONCLUSIONS: There were different degrees of correlation between preschool children\'s physical fitness and health behaviors, and children\'s health behaviors were closely related to gender, environment, parents, and other factors. Therefore, how to increase the protective factors of children\'s health behaviors and controlling the risk factors may be crucial to promoting the development of good health behaviors and improving the physical fitness of preschool children.
摘要：
目的:了解我国学龄前儿童体质健康水平和健康行为现状,探讨体质与健康行为的关系,并进一步揭示影响健康行为的主要因素,为提高学龄前儿童的身体素质水平和保持健康行为提供参考。
方法：共有755名学龄前儿童（394名男孩和361名女孩，采用整群随机抽样的方法，从中国重庆和六盘水选取4.52±1.11岁），进行问卷调查和身体监测，采用SPSS21.0软件对数据进行处理和分析。
结果：（1）心率（p=0.015），蛋白质含量（p<0.001），男孩在平衡木上花费的时间（p<0.001）明显低于女孩，而BMI（p=0.012），肌肉质量（p<0.001），立定跳远（p<0.001）男孩明显高于女孩。同时,农村儿童收缩压(p=0.004)和舒张压(p=0.001)明显高于城市儿童,而BMI(p<0.001)和坐姿前屈(p=0.019)明显低于城市儿童。（2）男孩的轻度体力活动（LPA）和中度至剧烈体力活动（MVPA）明显高于女孩（p<0.001），城市儿童的MVPA显著高于农村儿童(p=0.001),前者参加体育课的频率更高(p<0.001)。(3)学龄前儿童体力活动(PA)与身体素质指标存在显著的相关性。参加运动兴趣班仅与收缩压（r=0.08）和坐位前屈（r=0.09）显着相关。(4)学龄前儿童PA水平与性别有关,户籍,幼儿园自然，年龄,居住环境,父母的支持,和参与程度。参加体育兴趣班与性别有关，幼儿园的性质，户籍,年龄,父母的参与。每天的屏幕时间与户籍有关，幼儿园的性质，居住环境,以及父母的价值观。
结论：学龄前儿童体质与健康行为之间存在不同程度的相关性，儿童的健康行为与性别密切相关，环境,父母,和其他因素。因此,如何增加儿童健康行为的保护因素,控制危险因素,对促进儿童健康行为的养成和提高儿童体质至关重要。
方法：共有755名学龄前儿童（394名男孩和361名女孩，采用整群随机抽样的方法，从中国重庆和六盘水选取4.52±1.11岁），进行问卷调查和身体监测，采用SPSS21.0软件对数据进行处理和分析。
结果：（1）心率（p=0.015），蛋白质含量（p<0.001），男孩在平衡木上花费的时间（p<0.001）明显低于女孩，而BMI（p=0.012），肌肉质量（p<0.001），立定跳远（p<0.001）男孩明显高于女孩。同时,农村儿童收缩压(p=0.004)和舒张压(p=0.001)明显高于城市儿童,而BMI(p<0.001)和坐姿前屈(p=0.019)明显低于城市儿童。（2）男孩的轻度体力活动（LPA）和中度至剧烈体力活动（MVPA）明显高于女孩（p<0.001），城市儿童的MVPA显著高于农村儿童(p=0.001),前者参加体育课的频率更高(p<0.001)。(3)学龄前儿童体力活动(PA)与身体素质指标存在显著的相关性。参加运动兴趣班仅与收缩压（r=0.08）和坐位前屈（r=0.09）显着相关。(4)学龄前儿童PA水平与性别有关,户籍,幼儿园自然，年龄,居住环境,父母的支持,和参与程度。参加体育兴趣班与性别有关，幼儿园的性质，户籍,年龄,父母的参与。每天的屏幕时间与户籍有关，幼儿园的性质，居住环境,以及父母的价值观。
结论：学龄前儿童体质与健康行为之间存在不同程度的相关性，儿童的健康行为与性别密切相关，环境,父母,和其他因素。因此,如何增加儿童健康行为的保护因素,控制危险因素,对促进儿童健康行为的养成和提高儿童体质至关重要。
