PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The 2D:4D digit ratio is commonly used as a surrogate possibly reflecting prenatal testosterone levels. Indirect evidence comes from studies investigating the association between 2D:4D and human characteristics that likely relate to prenatal testosterone. In children, sex-typed play reveals large sex differences early in development and an influence of prenatal testosterone is likely. Findings on the association between 2D:4D and children\'s sex-typed play are heterogeneous and other influences on the development of sex-typed play have been suggested, most of all social influences like siblings, their sex and birth order. The current study examined the association between right and left 2D:4D, a proposed surrogate for prenatal testosterone exposure, which was assessed in right and left hands of N = 505 6-month-old children, and sex-typed play behavior, which was evaluated 3.5 years later using the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI), and the influence of siblings. To capture differential effects of siblings\' sex and birth order, dummy-coded variables were used reflecting having no siblings as well as older or younger sisters or brothers. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association between PSAI scores and sex, right and left 2D:4D, being a singleton as well as having an older or younger sister or brother. It was shown that sex and having an older brother were significant predictors for sex-typed play. Effects were further disentangled by conducting separate regression analyses in boys and girls. In boys, a significant association between PSAI scores and having an older brother was revealed, in girls, no significant associations were found. Results are discussed highlighting the non-significant association between 2D:4D and children\'s sex-typed play, which weakens the applicability of 2D:4D as a surrogate reflecting influences of prenatal T. Further, the importance of social factors like siblings on children\'s sex-typed play is discussed.
摘要：
2D：4D数字比通常用作可能反映产前睾丸激素水平的替代指标。间接证据来自研究2D：4D与可能与产前睾丸激素有关的人类特征之间的关联。在儿童中，性别类型的游戏在发育早期显示出很大的性别差异，并且可能受到产前睾丸激素的影响。关于2D：4D和儿童性别类型游戏之间的关联的发现是异质的，并且已经提出了对性别类型游戏发展的其他影响，最重要的社会影响，比如兄弟姐妹，他们的性别和出生顺序。当前的研究检查了左右2D：4D之间的关联，产前睾酮暴露的拟议替代品，对N=505名6个月大的儿童的右手和左手进行了评估，和性别类型的游戏行为，3.5年后，使用学前活动清单(PSAI)对其进行了评估，和兄弟姐妹的影响。为了捕捉兄弟姐妹性别和出生顺序的不同影响，使用虚拟编码变量来反映没有兄弟姐妹以及年长或年幼的姐妹或兄弟。使用多元回归模型来研究PSAI评分与性别之间的关系，左右2D:4D,既是单身，又有姐姐或弟弟。研究表明，性别和有一个哥哥是性别类型游戏的重要预测因素。通过对男孩和女孩进行单独的回归分析，进一步解开了影响。在男孩中，揭示了PSAI分数和有哥哥之间的显著关联，在女孩身上,未发现显著关联.讨论了结果，突出了2D：4D与儿童性别类型游戏之间的非显着关联，这削弱了2D:4D作为反映产前T影响的替代的适用性。讨论了兄弟姐妹等社会因素对儿童性别类型游戏的重要性。
