Mesh : Humans Male Female Fibrillin-1 / genetics Cross-Sectional Studies Marfan Syndrome / genetics Genotype Child Adolescent Anterior Eye Segment Posterior Eye Segment / pathology Mutation Biometry Young Adult Macular Degeneration / genetics Adipokines

来  源:   DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20230829-00065

Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of posterior segment lesions in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients and their relationship with anterior segment biometric parameters and FBN1 genotype. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 121 MFS patients, 76 males and 45 females, with an average age of (11.72±11.66) years, who visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to March 2023 were included. The presence of posterior scleral staphyloma was observed using B-mode ultrasound, and macular lesions were identified and classified using the atrophy-traction-neovascularization system based on ultra-widefield fundus images, color fundus images, and optical coherence tomography scans. Anterior segment biometric parameters, including axial length of the eye, average corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, horizontal corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, were collected, and the direction and extent of lens dislocation were observed. Molecular genetic analysis of FBN1 gene mutations in patients was performed using next-generation sequencing based on a panel of ocular genetic diseases, and the impact of the genotype and anterior segment biometric parameters on the posterior segment manifestations was analyzed. Results: Sixty patients exhibited posterior segment lesions, including retinal detachment (4 cases, 3.31%), macular lesions (47 cases, 38.84%), and posterior scleral staphyloma (54 cases, 44.63%). There was statistically significant difference in axial length of the eye between patients with and without posterior scleral staphyloma [23.09 (22.24, 24.43) and 27.04 (25.44, 28.88) mm], between patients with and without macular lesions [23.16 (22.24, 24.61) and 27.04 (25.74, 28.78) mm], and between patients with and without atrophic macular lesions [23.16 (22.24, 24.61) and 27.04 (25.74, 28.79) mm] (all P<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in anterior chamber depth between patients with and without macular lesions [3.11 (2.75, 3.30) and 3.34 (3.09, 3.60) mm] (P<0.05). There was also statistically significant difference in corneal astigmatism between patients with and without posterior scleral staphyloma [2.15 (1.20, 2.93) and 1.40 (1.00, 2.20) diopters] (P<0.05). The location and region of the FBN1 gene mutation not only showed statistically significant difference from the positive rates of posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions (all P<0.05), but also influenced the occurrence of atrophic macular lesions (both P<0.05). Patients with FBN1 mutations located in the transforming growth factor β regulatory sequence had the highest proportion of posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions (both 10/11). Conclusions: Posterior scleral staphyloma and macular lesions have a relatively high incidence in MFS patients and tend to progress to more severe grades. The age, axial length of the eye, anterior chamber depth, corneal astigmatism, and location and region of the FBN1 gene mutation are factors affecting the posterior segment lesions in MFS patients.
目的: 探讨马方综合征(MFS)患者眼后节病变的特征及其与眼前节生物学参数及FBN1基因型的关系。 方法: 横断面研究。收集2013年1月至2023年3月于复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科就诊的MFS患者121例,其中男性76例,女性45例;年龄为(11.72±11.66)岁。采用B超观察是否存在后巩膜葡萄肿,根据超广角眼底像、彩色眼底像和相干光层析扫描结果观察是否存在黄斑病变并判断其类型。黄斑病变按照萎缩-牵引-新生血管分级系统进行分类。收集患眼眼前节生物学参数,包括眼轴长度、角膜平均曲率、角膜散光度数、角膜水平径、前房深度及晶状体厚度,并观察晶状体脱位的方向和范围。采用基于面板的全眼科遗传病基因组进行下一代测序对患者的FBN1基因突变进行了分子遗传学分析,并分析基因型和眼前节生物学参数对眼后节表现的影响。 结果: 共有60例患者出现眼后节病变,包括视网膜脱离(4例,3.31%),黄斑病变(47例,38.84%)和后巩膜葡萄肿(54例,44.63%)。是否合并后巩膜葡萄肿[23.09(22.24,24.43)和27.04(25.44,28.88)mm],以及是否合并黄斑病变[23.16(22.24,24.61)和27.04(25.74,28.78)mm]的患者间,眼轴长度的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);是否合并萎缩性黄斑病变的患者,眼轴长度差异亦有统计学意义[23.16(22.24,24.61)和27.04(25.74,28.79)mm,P<0.001]。是否合并黄斑病变的患者中,前房深度[3.11(2.75,3.30)和3.34(3.09,3.60)mm]的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);是否合并后巩膜葡萄肿的患者中,角膜散光度数[2.15(1.20,2.93)和1.40(1.00,2.20)D]的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FBN1基因突变的位置和区域与后巩膜葡萄肿及黄斑病变的阳性率之间的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。FBN1突变的位置和区域会影响萎缩性黄斑病变的发生(均P<0.05)。FBN1突变位于转化生长因子β调节序列的患者后巩膜葡萄肿和黄斑病变的占比最高,均为10/11。 结论: MFS患者后巩膜葡萄肿和黄斑病变的发生率较高,并且倾向于向严重程度更高的分级发展。年龄、眼轴长度、前房深度、角膜散光度数,以及FBN1基因突变位点所在位置及区域均是MFS患者眼后节病变的影响因素。.
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