Abstract：
To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens infections in children with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Beijing Children\'s Hospital from 2022 to 2023. A dual amplification technique was used to detect nucleic acids of seven common respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), in outpatient and inpatient children (aged 0-18 years) with influenza-like symptoms who sought medical care at Beijing Children\'s Hospital, from January 2022 to March 2023. A total of 43 663 children were included in the study, of which 27 903 tested positive for respiratory pathogens with a total detection rate of 63.91%. Flu A had the highest detection rate of 69.93% (27 332/39 084), followed by MP about 13.22% (380/2 875). The total detection rate of RSV, PIV and ADV was 7.69% (131/1 704). Flu B had a detection rate of 0.16% (64/39 084). No CP was detected in this study. A total of 7 cases of dual infections were detected, with a detection rate of 0.41% (7/1 704). The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in detection rates of pathogens among different genders, age groups, and different seasons. Among the seven pathogens, only Flu A had statistically significant differences in gender (χ2=16.712, P<0.001). The detection rates of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001), while the detection rates of RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001). Flu A had its epidemic peak in winter and spring, with detection rates of 61.30% (3 907/6 374) and 77.47% (23 207/29 958) respectively; MP and PIV had higher detection rates in autumn (25.14% and 7.64% respectively); RSV showed a relatively higher detection rate in winter (8.69%); Flu B and ADV had lower detection rates throughout the study period (0.16% and 1.17% respectively). In conclusion, children with ILI in 2022-2023 were mainly infected with a single respiratory pathogen, and occasionally dual pathogen infections were observed. Among them, the detection rate of Flu A was the highest, and only Flu A showed a gender difference in detection rate. As the age of the children patients increased, the detection rate of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend, while RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of Flu A, Flu B, MP, PIV, and RSV were seasonal.
分析2022—2023年北京儿童医院流感样疾病（ILI）患儿呼吸道病原体感染情况及流行病学特征。于2022年1月至2023年3月，采用双扩增技术对就诊于北京儿童医院有流感样症状的门诊和住院患儿（0~18岁）进行甲型流感病毒（Flu A）、乙型流感病毒（Flu B）、肺炎支原体（MP）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、腺病毒（ADV）和肺炎衣原体（CP）7种常见呼吸道病原体核酸检测。共检测患儿43 663例，其中呼吸道病原体阳性27 903例，总检出率为63.91%。Flu A检出率居首位为69.93%（27 332/39 084）；其后是MP为13.22%（380/2 875）；RSV，PIV和ADV 这3种病原体总检出率为7.69%（131/1 704）；Flu B为0.16%（64/39 084）；未检出CP。双重感染共检出7例，检出率为0.41%（7/1 704）。采用χ2检验对病原体在不同性别、年龄组和不同季节间检出率的差异进行分析显示，7种病原体中，仅Flu A在性别上差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.712，P<0.001）。Flu A和MP病原体检出率呈现随年龄增长而增长的趋势（均P趋势<0.001），而RSV和PIV检出率呈现随年龄增长而降低的趋势（均P趋势<0.001）。Flu A在冬季和春季呈流行高峰，检出率分别为61.30%（3 907/6374）和77.47%（23 207/29 958）；MP和PIV在秋季检出率较高（分别为25.14%和7.64%）；RSV在冬季出现流行高峰（检出率为8.69%）；研究期间Flu B和ADV检出率较低（分别为0.16%和1.17%）。综上，2022—2023年流感样疾病患儿以单种呼吸道病原体感染为主，偶见双重病原体感染；其中 Flu A 检出率最高，仅Flu A的检出率有性别差异；随着患儿年龄的增长，Flu A、MP检出率呈增长趋势，而RSV和PIV呈现降低趋势。Flu A、Flu B、MP、PIV和RSV的流行有季节性。.
分析2022—2023年北京儿童医院流感样疾病（ILI）患儿呼吸道病原体感染情况及流行病学特征。于2022年1月至2023年3月，采用双扩增技术对就诊于北京儿童医院有流感样症状的门诊和住院患儿（0~18岁）进行甲型流感病毒（Flu A）、乙型流感病毒（Flu B）、肺炎支原体（MP）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、腺病毒（ADV）和肺炎衣原体（CP）7种常见呼吸道病原体核酸检测。共检测患儿43 663例，其中呼吸道病原体阳性27 903例，总检出率为63.91%。Flu A检出率居首位为69.93%（27 332/39 084）；其后是MP为13.22%（380/2 875）；RSV，PIV和ADV 这3种病原体总检出率为7.69%（131/1 704）；Flu B为0.16%（64/39 084）；未检出CP。双重感染共检出7例，检出率为0.41%（7/1 704）。采用χ2检验对病原体在不同性别、年龄组和不同季节间检出率的差异进行分析显示，7种病原体中，仅Flu A在性别上差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.712，P<0.001）。Flu A和MP病原体检出率呈现随年龄增长而增长的趋势（均P趋势<0.001），而RSV和PIV检出率呈现随年龄增长而降低的趋势（均P趋势<0.001）。Flu A在冬季和春季呈流行高峰，检出率分别为61.30%（3 907/6374）和77.47%（23 207/29 958）；MP和PIV在秋季检出率较高（分别为25.14%和7.64%）；RSV在冬季出现流行高峰（检出率为8.69%）；研究期间Flu B和ADV检出率较低（分别为0.16%和1.17%）。综上，2022—2023年流感样疾病患儿以单种呼吸道病原体感染为主，偶见双重病原体感染；其中 Flu A 检出率最高，仅Flu A的检出率有性别差异；随着患儿年龄的增长，Flu A、MP检出率呈增长趋势，而RSV和PIV呈现降低趋势。Flu A、Flu B、MP、PIV和RSV的流行有季节性。.
摘要：
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