Abstract：
Epidemiologic monitoring of wild animals is always an important step in defining potential zoonoses that can threaten humans. Particular emphasis should be given to those zoonotic agents permanently cycling within wild animal populations and represent a permanent reservoir for other wild or domesticated animals that can be direct sources of disease for humans. In Croatia, there are two European jackal populations: the Dalmatian population (DP) that has been inhabiting the islands and coastal area along the Adriatic Sea since medieval times, and the South East European population (SEEP) that is found in continental Croatia. Research on Trichinella infections in jackal populations in Croatia was conducted from 2008 to 2022. During this 15-year period, we tested 186 jackal samples and confirmed infection in 47 individuals (25.3 %). The dominant species was T. spiralis, identified in 28 samples (60 %), T. britovi was found in 13 samples (28 %), while for six samples (12 %) the PCR test was unsuccessful. In both populations, the Trichinella species of the domestic cycle (T. spiralis) was found, though in varying ratios: in DP the ratio of identified species was 10:6 in favour of T. britovi, as opposed to 22:3 in favour of T. spiralis in SEEP. The frequency of infection with parasites from the genus Trichinella was significantly different in DP (22.9 %) than in SEEP (26.7 %) (p<0.001), while the larval count in analysed tissue did not differ by type of Trichinella species (p=0.1028). Infected jackals were found in nine of ten tested counties. The results were analysed statistically and the origin of tested and positive samples shown on a map of Croatia. Based on these findings, both jackal populations can be considered to represent an exceptionally important indicators of parasites from the genus Trichinella in Croatia, both for the sylvatic and domestic cycles. There is an evident need for epidemiological monitoring for members of both populations.
摘要：
对野生动物的流行病学监测始终是确定可能威胁人类的潜在人畜共患病的重要步骤。应特别强调那些在野生动物种群中永久循环的人畜共患病原体，并代表其他野生或驯养动物的永久水库，这些动物可能是人类疾病的直接来源。在克罗地亚,有两种欧洲狼种群：自中世纪以来一直居住在亚得里亚海沿岸的岛屿和沿海地区的达尔马提亚种群（DP），以及在克罗地亚大陆发现的东南欧人口（SEEP）。2008年至2022年，对克罗地亚jack狼种群中的旋毛虫感染进行了研究。在这15年期间,我们检测了186份jack狼样本，并在47人（25.3％）中确认了感染。优势种为旋毛虫,在28个样本(60%)中鉴定，在13个样本中发现了T.britovi（28％），而6个样本(12%)的PCR检测不成功。在这两个群体中，国内周期的旋毛虫物种(T.spiralis)被发现，尽管比例不同：在DP中，已鉴定物种的比例为10：6，有利于T.britovi，与22：3相反，在SEEP中支持旋毛虫。来自旋毛虫属的寄生虫的感染频率在DP(22.9%)与在SEEP(26.7%)(p<0.001)中显著不同,而分析组织中的幼虫计数因旋毛虫种类而异（p=0.1028）。在十个受测试的县中有九个发现了受感染的jack狼。对结果进行了统计分析，并在克罗地亚地图上显示了测试样品和阳性样品的来源。基于这些发现,这两个jack狼种群都可以被认为代表克罗地亚旋毛虫属寄生虫的非常重要的指标，对于三级制和国内周期。显然需要对这两个人群的成员进行流行病学监测。
