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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This study was aimed to investigate the multidrug resistance patterns in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and their correlation with integrons and phylogenetic groupings.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 37 clinical E. coli isolates were evaluated for drug resistance patterns by disk diffusion method. Phylogenetic groupings and the presence of integrons among E. coli were determined by multiplex PCR assays.
UNASSIGNED: Multidrug resistance was identified in 84% of the clinical isolates of E. coli with higher resistance found against cephalosporins (94.6%) and fluoroquinolones (83.8%), while lower resistance was observed against polymyxins (24.3%) and carbapenems (29.7%). Metallo-β-lactamases were found in all carbapenem resistant isolates. The phylogenetic group B2 was the most dominant (40.5%), followed by groups A (35.1%), D (13.5%) and B1 (10.8%). Integrons were detected in 25 (67.6%) isolates and intI1, intI2, and intI3 genes were found in 62.2%, 18.9% and 10.8% of isolates respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Our results show that phylogenetic classification of E. coli is not relevant with antimicrobial resistance. However, there was strong association between the integron classes and resistance against β-lactam and fluoroquinolones antimicrobials. Additionally, this study highlighted that the presence of integrons plays a crucial role in the development of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of E. coli. Most significantly, this is the first report of detection of three classes of integron among clinical isolates of E. coli in Pakistan.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 37 clinical E. coli isolates were evaluated for drug resistance patterns by disk diffusion method. Phylogenetic groupings and the presence of integrons among E. coli were determined by multiplex PCR assays.
UNASSIGNED: Multidrug resistance was identified in 84% of the clinical isolates of E. coli with higher resistance found against cephalosporins (94.6%) and fluoroquinolones (83.8%), while lower resistance was observed against polymyxins (24.3%) and carbapenems (29.7%). Metallo-β-lactamases were found in all carbapenem resistant isolates. The phylogenetic group B2 was the most dominant (40.5%), followed by groups A (35.1%), D (13.5%) and B1 (10.8%). Integrons were detected in 25 (67.6%) isolates and intI1, intI2, and intI3 genes were found in 62.2%, 18.9% and 10.8% of isolates respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Our results show that phylogenetic classification of E. coli is not relevant with antimicrobial resistance. However, there was strong association between the integron classes and resistance against β-lactam and fluoroquinolones antimicrobials. Additionally, this study highlighted that the presence of integrons plays a crucial role in the development of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of E. coli. Most significantly, this is the first report of detection of three classes of integron among clinical isolates of E. coli in Pakistan.
摘要：
■本研究旨在研究临床分离的大肠杆菌多药耐药模式及其与整合子和系统发育分组的相关性。
■通过圆盘扩散法评估了总共37种临床大肠杆菌分离株的耐药性模式。通过多重PCR测定确定大肠杆菌中的系统发育分组和整合子的存在。
■在对头孢菌素（94.6％）和氟喹诺酮（83.8％）具有较高耐药性的大肠杆菌临床分离株中，发现了84％的多药耐药性，而对多粘菌素（24.3％）和碳青霉烯类（29.7％）的耐药性较低。在所有耐碳青霉烯的分离株中都发现了金属β-内酰胺酶。系统发育组B2最占优势(40.5%),其次是A组(35.1%)，D(13.5%)和B1(10.8%)。在25个(67.6%)分离株中检测到整合子，在62.2%中发现了intI1、intI2和intI3基因，分别占分离株的18.9%和10.8%。
■我们的结果表明，大肠杆菌的系统发育分类与抗菌素耐药性无关。然而,整合子类别与β-内酰胺类和氟喹诺酮类抗微生物剂的耐药性之间存在很强的相关性.此外,这项研究强调,整合子的存在在大肠杆菌临床分离株的多药耐药性的发展中起着至关重要的作用.最重要的是，这是巴基斯坦大肠杆菌临床分离株中检测到三类整合子的第一份报告。
■通过圆盘扩散法评估了总共37种临床大肠杆菌分离株的耐药性模式。通过多重PCR测定确定大肠杆菌中的系统发育分组和整合子的存在。
■在对头孢菌素（94.6％）和氟喹诺酮（83.8％）具有较高耐药性的大肠杆菌临床分离株中，发现了84％的多药耐药性，而对多粘菌素（24.3％）和碳青霉烯类（29.7％）的耐药性较低。在所有耐碳青霉烯的分离株中都发现了金属β-内酰胺酶。系统发育组B2最占优势(40.5%),其次是A组(35.1%)，D(13.5%)和B1(10.8%)。在25个(67.6%)分离株中检测到整合子，在62.2%中发现了intI1、intI2和intI3基因，分别占分离株的18.9%和10.8%。
■我们的结果表明，大肠杆菌的系统发育分类与抗菌素耐药性无关。然而,整合子类别与β-内酰胺类和氟喹诺酮类抗微生物剂的耐药性之间存在很强的相关性.此外,这项研究强调,整合子的存在在大肠杆菌临床分离株的多药耐药性的发展中起着至关重要的作用.最重要的是，这是巴基斯坦大肠杆菌临床分离株中检测到三类整合子的第一份报告。
