PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a key pathogen for the swine industry at a global level. Nine genotypes, differing in epidemiology and potentially virulence, emerged over time, with PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d being the most widespread and clinically relevant. Conversely, the distribution of minor genotypes appears geographically and temporally restricted, suggesting lower virulence and different epidemiological drivers. In 2022, PCV-2e, the most genetically and phenotypically divergent genotype, was identified in multiple rural farms in North-eastern Italy. Since rural pigs often have access to outdoor environment, the introduction from wild boars was investigated.
UNASSIGNED: Through a molecular and spatial approach, this study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV-2 in 122 wild boars across different provinces of North-eastern Italy.
UNASSIGNED: Molecular analysis revealed a high PCV-2 frequency (81.1%, 99/122), and classified the majority of strains as PCV-2d (96.3%, 78/81), with sporadic occurrences of PCV-2a (1.2%, 1/81) and PCV-2b (2.5%, 2/81) genotypes. A viral flow directed primarily from domestic pigs to wild boars was estimated by phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses.
UNASSIGNED: These findings attested that the genotype replacement so far described only in the Italian domestic swine sector occurred also in wild boars. and suggested that the current heterogeneity of PCV-2d strains in Italian wild boars likely depends more on different introduction events from the domestic population rather than the presence of independent evolutionary pressures. While this might suggest PCV-2 circulation in wild boars having a marginal impact in the industrial sector, the sharing of PCV-2d strains across distinct wild populations, in absence of a consistent geographical pattern, suggests a complex interplay between domestic and wild pig populations, emphasizing the importance of improved biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission.
UNASSIGNED: Through a molecular and spatial approach, this study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV-2 in 122 wild boars across different provinces of North-eastern Italy.
UNASSIGNED: Molecular analysis revealed a high PCV-2 frequency (81.1%, 99/122), and classified the majority of strains as PCV-2d (96.3%, 78/81), with sporadic occurrences of PCV-2a (1.2%, 1/81) and PCV-2b (2.5%, 2/81) genotypes. A viral flow directed primarily from domestic pigs to wild boars was estimated by phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses.
UNASSIGNED: These findings attested that the genotype replacement so far described only in the Italian domestic swine sector occurred also in wild boars. and suggested that the current heterogeneity of PCV-2d strains in Italian wild boars likely depends more on different introduction events from the domestic population rather than the presence of independent evolutionary pressures. While this might suggest PCV-2 circulation in wild boars having a marginal impact in the industrial sector, the sharing of PCV-2d strains across distinct wild populations, in absence of a consistent geographical pattern, suggests a complex interplay between domestic and wild pig populations, emphasizing the importance of improved biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission.
摘要：
■猪圆环病毒2（PCV-2）是全球养猪业的关键病原体。九种基因型，流行病学和潜在毒力不同，随着时间的推移，与PCV-2a，-2b,和-2d是最普遍和临床相关的。相反，次要基因型的分布在地理和时间上似乎受到限制，提示较低的毒力和不同的流行病学驱动因素。2022年，PCV-2e，基因和表型差异最大的基因型，在意大利东北部的多个农村农场中被发现。由于农村猪经常可以进入户外环境，对野猪的引进进行了调查。
■通过分子和空间方法，这项研究调查了意大利东北部不同省份122只野猪中PCV-2的流行病学和遗传多样性。
■分子分析显示PCV-2频率较高（81.1%，99/122），并将大多数菌株归类为PCV-2d(96.3%，78/81)，偶发性PCV-2a(1.2%，1/81）和PCV-2b（2.5%，2/81)基因型。通过系统发育和系统动力学分析估计了主要从家猪到野猪的病毒流。
■这些发现证明，迄今为止仅在意大利国内猪业中描述的基因型替代也发生在野猪中。并表明意大利野猪中PCV-2d菌株的当前异质性可能更多地取决于来自国内种群的不同引入事件，而不是独立进化压力的存在。虽然这可能表明PCV-2在野猪中的流通对工业部门有边际影响，PCV-2d菌株在不同野生种群中的共享，在没有一致的地理格局的情况下，表明了家猪和野猪种群之间复杂的相互作用，强调改进生物安全措施以减轻病原体传播风险的重要性。
■通过分子和空间方法，这项研究调查了意大利东北部不同省份122只野猪中PCV-2的流行病学和遗传多样性。
■分子分析显示PCV-2频率较高（81.1%，99/122），并将大多数菌株归类为PCV-2d(96.3%，78/81)，偶发性PCV-2a(1.2%，1/81）和PCV-2b（2.5%，2/81)基因型。通过系统发育和系统动力学分析估计了主要从家猪到野猪的病毒流。
■这些发现证明，迄今为止仅在意大利国内猪业中描述的基因型替代也发生在野猪中。并表明意大利野猪中PCV-2d菌株的当前异质性可能更多地取决于来自国内种群的不同引入事件，而不是独立进化压力的存在。虽然这可能表明PCV-2在野猪中的流通对工业部门有边际影响，PCV-2d菌株在不同野生种群中的共享，在没有一致的地理格局的情况下，表明了家猪和野猪种群之间复杂的相互作用，强调改进生物安全措施以减轻病原体传播风险的重要性。
