Abstract：
There is an ongoing effort in the US illicit drug market to make new psychoactive compounds more potent and addictive. Due to continuous chemical modifications, many fentanyl analogs are developed and mixed with more traditional illicit drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. Detecting fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in these illicit drug mixtures has become more crucial because of the increased potency and associated health risks. Most confirmatory procedures require time-consuming and expensive, highly sophisticated laboratory equipment and experimental procedures, which can delay critical information that might save a victim or find a suspect. In this study, we propose miniaturizing and accelerating this process by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). For this aim, dual-purposed paper substrates were developed through soaking in Au/Ag nanostars suspensions. These novel, in-house prepared paper SERS substrates showed stability for up to four weeks with and without the presence of drug compounds. Fentanyl analogs with similar SERS spectra were differentiated by coupling with PS-MS. The limit of detection (LOD) for fentanyl on the paper substrates is 34 μg/mL and 0.32 μg/mL for SERS and PS-MS, respectively. Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs show selective SERS enhancement that helped to detect trace amounts of these opioids in heroin and cocaine street samples. In short, we propose the combination of SERS/PS-MS by using modified paper substrates to develop cost-effective, sensitive, rapid, portable, reliable, and reproducible methods to detect illicit drugs, especially trace amounts of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in illicit drug mixtures. The combination of these two category A techniques allows for the identification of illicit drugs according to the SWGDRUG guidelines.
摘要：
美国非法药物市场正在努力使新的精神活性化合物更具效力和成瘾性。由于持续的化学修饰，许多芬太尼类似物被开发并与更传统的非法药物混合，比如可卡因和海洛因.检测这些非法药物混合物中的芬太尼和芬太尼类似物已经变得更加重要,因为增加的效力和相关的健康风险。大多数确认程序需要耗时且昂贵，高度复杂的实验室设备和实验程序，这可能会延迟可能挽救受害者或找到嫌疑人的关键信息。在这项研究中,我们建议通过结合表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）分析和纸喷雾质谱（PS-MS）来小型化和加速这一过程。为了这个目标,通过浸泡在Au/Ag纳米星悬浮液中开发了双用途纸基材。这些小说,在存在和不存在药物化合物的情况下,内部制备的纸SERS基底显示了长达4周的稳定性。通过与PS-MS偶联来区分具有相似SERS光谱的芬太尼类似物。纸基材上芬太尼的检测限（LOD）为34μg/mL，SERS和PS-MS为0.32μg/mL，分别。芬太尼和芬太尼类似物显示选择性SERS增强，有助于在海洛因和可卡因街头样本中检测到痕量的这些阿片类药物。总之,我们提出了SERS/PS-MS的组合，通过使用改性纸基材来开发具有成本效益的，敏感,快速,便携式，可靠,以及检测非法药物的可复制方法，特别是非法药物混合物中的微量芬太尼和芬太尼类似物。这两种A类技术的组合允许根据SWGDRUG指南识别非法药物。
