Abstract：
Recent heatwaves have highlighted the importance of accurate and continuous core temperature (TCORE) monitoring in sports settings. For example, accentuated rises in TCORE caused by physical exercises under environmental heat stress increase the risk of heat illnesses. Thus, using valid and reproducible devices is essential to ensure safe sports practice. In this study, we assessed the validity and reproducibility of the Calera Research Sensor (CRS) in estimating the TCORE of male and female participants during cycling exercise in a hot environment. Seven male (age: 36.2 ± 10.1 years) and eight female cyclists (age: 30.1 ± 5.0 years) underwent two identical cycling trials in a dry-bulb temperature of 32 °C and relative humidity of 60%. The protocol consisted of an initial 10-min rest followed by a 60-min exercise comprising 10 min at 20%, 25 min at 55%, and 25 min at 75% of maximal aerobic power, and an additional 25 min of post-exercise recovery. TCORE was recorded simultaneously every minute using a gastrointestinal capsule (TGi) and the CRS (TSENSOR). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to calculate bias, upper (LCS) and lower (LCI) concordance limits, and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The maximum acceptable difference between the two devices was predetermined at ±0.4 °C. A mixed linear model was used to assess the paired differences between the two measurement systems, considering the participants, trials, and environmental conditions as random effects and the cycling stages as fixed effects. An intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.98 was recorded when analyzing data from the entire experiment. A non-significant bias value of 0.01 °C, LCS of 0.38 °C, LCI of -0.35 °C, and CI95% of ±0.36 °C were found. When analyzing data according to the participants\' sex, CRS reproducibility was high in both sexes: ICC values of 0.98 and 0.99 were reported for males and females, respectively. CI95% was 0.35 °C in experiments with males and 0.37 °C with females, thereby falling within the acceptable margin of difference. Therefore, CRS was considered valid (compared to TGi) and reproducible in estimating TCORE in both sexes at various intensities of cycling exercise in the heat.
摘要：
最近的热浪强调了在运动环境中进行准确和连续的核心温度（TCORE）监测的重要性。例如,环境热应激下体育锻炼引起的TCORE升高会增加热疾病的风险。因此，使用有效和可重复的设备对于确保安全的运动实践至关重要。在这项研究中,我们评估了CaleraResearchSensor(CRS)在炎热环境下进行自行车运动时估计男性和女性参与者TCORE的有效性和可重复性.七名男性（年龄：36.2±10.1岁）和八名女性自行车手（年龄：30.1±5.0岁）在干球温度为32°C和相对湿度为60％的条件下进行了两次相同的自行车试验。该方案包括最初的10分钟休息，然后是60分钟的运动，包括20％的10分钟，25分钟，55%，在最大有氧能力的75%下25分钟，运动后再恢复25分钟。使用胃肠胶囊(TGi)和CRS(TSENSOR)每分钟同时记录TCORE。进行Bland-Altman分析以计算偏倚，一致上限(LCS)和下限(LCI)，和95%置信区间(95CI)。两个装置之间的最大可接受差异预定为±0.4°C。混合线性模型用于评估两个测量系统之间的成对差异，考虑到参与者，试验,环境条件为随机效应，循环阶段为固定效应。当分析来自整个实验的数据时,记录到0.98的类内相关系数(ICC)。非显著偏差值为0.01°C，LCS为0.38°C,LCI为-0.35°C,发现95%的CI为±0.36°C。当根据参与者的性别分析数据时，男女的CRS重现性均较高：男性和女性的ICC值为0.98和0.99，分别。CI95%在男性实验中为0.35°C，女性为0.37°C，从而落在可接受的差异范围内。因此,CRS被认为是有效的（与TGi相比），并且可以在高温下各种强度的自行车运动中估计两种性别的TCORE。
