PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Spatial and temporal associations between sympatric species underpin biotic interactions, structure ecological assemblages, and sustain ecosystem functioning and stability. However, the resilience of interspecific spatiotemporal associations to human activity remains poorly understood, particularly in mountain forests where anthropogenic impacts are often pervasive. Here, we applied context-dependent Joint Species Distribution Models to a systematic camera-trap survey dataset from a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern Himalayas to understand how prominent human activities in mountain forests influence species associations within terrestrial mammal communities. We obtained 10,388 independent detections of 17 focal species (12 carnivores and five ungulates) from 322 stations over 43,163 camera days of effort. We identified a higher incidence of positive associations in habitats with higher levels of human modification (87%) and human presence (83%) compared to those located in habitats with lower human modification (64%) and human presence (65%) levels. We also detected a significant reduction of pairwise encounter time at increasing levels of human disturbance, corresponding to more frequent encounters between pairs of species. Our findings indicate that human activities can push mammals together into more frequent encounters and associations, which likely influences the coexistence and persistence of wildlife, with potential far-ranging ecological consequences.
摘要：
同胞物种之间的时空关联支撑了生物相互作用，结构生态组合，维持生态系统的功能和稳定。然而,种间时空关联对人类活动的复原力仍然知之甚少，特别是在山区森林中，人为影响通常很普遍。这里,我们将上下文相关的联合物种分布模型应用于喜马拉雅东部全球生物多样性热点的系统相机陷阱调查数据集，以了解山区森林中突出的人类活动如何影响陆地哺乳动物群落中的物种关联。在43,163个相机天的努力中，我们从322个站点获得了10,388个独立的17个重点物种（12个食肉动物和5个有蹄类动物）的独立检测。我们发现，与人类修饰水平较高（87％）和人类存在（83％）的栖息地相比，人类修饰水平较高（64％）和人类存在（65％）的栖息地的正相关发生率更高。我们还发现，在人类干扰水平增加时，成对相遇时间显着减少，对应于物种对之间更频繁的相遇。我们的发现表明，人类活动可以将哺乳动物推到更频繁的相遇和联想中，这可能会影响野生动物的共存和持久性，具有潜在的深远的生态后果。
