Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been observed in children and adolescents, but its association with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents has rarely been studied.
OBJECTIVE: This study determines the independent associations of VAI and CRF with the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk (CVDr) among Nigerian adolescents.
METHODS: Adolescents from specific secondary schools in Kogi East, North Central Nigeria participated in the study.
METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 403 adolescents (202 boys and 201 girls) aged 11 years - 19 years were evaluated for VAI, CRF and CVDr. Using identified risk factors, a clustered CVDr score was generated. The association between VAI, CRF and clustered CVDr was evaluated using regression models that controlled for age, gender and maturity status.
RESULTS: Fitness was negatively associated with CVDr (β = -0.268, p 0.001), while VAI was positively correlated with CVDr (β = 0.379, p 0.001). After CRF or VAI adjustment, the independent association with the dependent variable remained significant. The odds of an adolescent with elevated VAI being at risk of CVD was 4.7 times higher than his peers. Unfit adolescents were 2.1 times more likely to develop CVDr.
CONCLUSIONS: Both VAI and CRF were independently associated with the clustering of CVDr in Nigerian adolescents. The findings suggest that health promotion efforts focusing on healthy diet and aerobic-type physical activity programmes should be encouraged among the youth to reduce the risk of CVD.Contribution: This study shows that improving visceral adipose tissue and fitness may lower CVD risk factors in adolescents, which is significant for public health.
OBJECTIVE: This study determines the independent associations of VAI and CRF with the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk (CVDr) among Nigerian adolescents.
METHODS: Adolescents from specific secondary schools in Kogi East, North Central Nigeria participated in the study.
METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 403 adolescents (202 boys and 201 girls) aged 11 years - 19 years were evaluated for VAI, CRF and CVDr. Using identified risk factors, a clustered CVDr score was generated. The association between VAI, CRF and clustered CVDr was evaluated using regression models that controlled for age, gender and maturity status.
RESULTS: Fitness was negatively associated with CVDr (β = -0.268, p 0.001), while VAI was positively correlated with CVDr (β = 0.379, p 0.001). After CRF or VAI adjustment, the independent association with the dependent variable remained significant. The odds of an adolescent with elevated VAI being at risk of CVD was 4.7 times higher than his peers. Unfit adolescents were 2.1 times more likely to develop CVDr.
CONCLUSIONS: Both VAI and CRF were independently associated with the clustering of CVDr in Nigerian adolescents. The findings suggest that health promotion efforts focusing on healthy diet and aerobic-type physical activity programmes should be encouraged among the youth to reduce the risk of CVD.Contribution: This study shows that improving visceral adipose tissue and fitness may lower CVD risk factors in adolescents, which is significant for public health.
摘要：
背景：已在儿童和青少年中观察到心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的聚集，但其与青少年内脏肥胖指数(VAI)和心肺适应度(CRF)的相关性却鲜有研究.
目的：这项研究确定了尼日利亚青少年中VAI和CRF与心血管疾病风险聚集（CVDr）的独立关联。
方法：来自KogiEast特定中学的青少年，尼日利亚中北部参加了这项研究。
方法：对403名11岁至19岁青少年（202名男孩和201名女孩）的横截面样本进行了VAI评估，CRF和CVDr。使用确定的风险因素，生成了聚类的CVDr评分.VAI之间的关联，使用控制年龄的回归模型评估CRF和聚类CVDr，性别和成熟度。
结果：健身与CVDr呈负相关（β=-0.268，p0.001），而VAI与CVDr呈正相关(β=0.379,p<0.001)。CRF或VAI调整后，与因变量的独立关联仍然显著.VAI升高的青少年患CVD的几率是同龄人的4.7倍。不适合的青少年患CVDr的可能性增加2.1倍。
结论：在尼日利亚青少年中，VAI和CRF都与CVDr的聚类独立相关。研究结果表明，应鼓励年轻人以健康饮食和有氧型体育锻炼计划为重点的健康促进工作，以降低CVD的风险。贡献：这项研究表明，改善内脏脂肪组织和健康可能降低青少年心血管疾病的危险因素，这对公众健康意义重大。
目的：这项研究确定了尼日利亚青少年中VAI和CRF与心血管疾病风险聚集（CVDr）的独立关联。
方法：来自KogiEast特定中学的青少年，尼日利亚中北部参加了这项研究。
方法：对403名11岁至19岁青少年（202名男孩和201名女孩）的横截面样本进行了VAI评估，CRF和CVDr。使用确定的风险因素，生成了聚类的CVDr评分.VAI之间的关联，使用控制年龄的回归模型评估CRF和聚类CVDr，性别和成熟度。
结果：健身与CVDr呈负相关（β=-0.268，p0.001），而VAI与CVDr呈正相关(β=0.379,p<0.001)。CRF或VAI调整后，与因变量的独立关联仍然显著.VAI升高的青少年患CVD的几率是同龄人的4.7倍。不适合的青少年患CVDr的可能性增加2.1倍。
结论：在尼日利亚青少年中，VAI和CRF都与CVDr的聚类独立相关。研究结果表明，应鼓励年轻人以健康饮食和有氧型体育锻炼计划为重点的健康促进工作，以降低CVD的风险。贡献：这项研究表明，改善内脏脂肪组织和健康可能降低青少年心血管疾病的危险因素，这对公众健康意义重大。
