Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In a working environment that is predominantly male, very tough physically, with a difficult working environment, occupational exposures and working, verbal and physical aggression can be more frequent than in other sectors. Fishing, merchant shipping and yachting are all sectors where fitness to sail is reassessed every year by doctors in the Seafarers\' Health Service. Seafarers are increasingly reporting insulting, violent or sexist behaviour. The main types of abuse seen on board can be verbal and/or physical aggression, humiliation, whether in private or in front of others. Sexual harassment of women is a very worrying subject.
METHODS: It was a retrospective observational study which is part of the professional monitoring of seafarers. The target population was adult seafarers coming for a fitness to sail visit. The group was recruited from seafarers aged over 18 who were being monitored by one of the seafarers\' health services (or local centres). The inclusion period was 4 months between January and April 2023. All the information was collected using a self-questionnaire developed from the questionnaires of the Surveillance Médicale des Expositions des Salariés au Risques Professionnels (SUMER) for health status, job satisfaction and the European mini-module, verbal and physical aggression and psychological violence at work (based on the Leymann questionnaire), sexual violence and aggression based on the sexual harassment questionnaire and the PCLS-5 scale validated and translated into French to assess post-traumatic stress. The population studied was therefore 788 sailors.
RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (82.3%). The average age was 41.4 years (standard deviation = 11.7). 46.7% of seafarers estimate being in very good health. During the past 12 months, overall, 24.5% of seafarers disclaimed having been victim in work-related context of a verbal aggression, with a significant difference according to the gender (21.1% for men and 41.0% for women). During the last 12 months, overall, 3.2% of seafarers have been victim in work-related context of a physical aggression (2.6% for men and 5.8% for women, NS), whereas 10.9% of seafarers reported hostile behaviour at present. Twenty per cent of seafarers reported sexual harassment in the last 12 months. During the entire working life of seafarers, 65.5% of women and 38.2% of men reported sexual harassment, and 38.8% of seafarers stated that they had experienced at least one traumatic event in the last 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: A quarter of seafarers say they have been the victim of verbal or physical aggression at work in the last twelve months. These figures are high, and higher than those of the global survey on violence and harassment at work carried out by the International Labour Organization. One of the most alarming results of our study is the overexposure of women working in the maritime industry to the risk of physical, verbal or sexual assault of any kind. Indeed, in all the questions concerning the experience of verbal and physical aggression, the number of women victims is twice as high as that of their male colleagues, and this difference is statistically significant. As far as prevention is concerned, it seems that an effort is needed in terms of information, since only one seafarer in two knows the procedure to follow in the event of aggression within their shipyard. Communication between shipowners and seafarers needs to be stepped up to ensure that everyone is familiar with the procedures.
METHODS: It was a retrospective observational study which is part of the professional monitoring of seafarers. The target population was adult seafarers coming for a fitness to sail visit. The group was recruited from seafarers aged over 18 who were being monitored by one of the seafarers\' health services (or local centres). The inclusion period was 4 months between January and April 2023. All the information was collected using a self-questionnaire developed from the questionnaires of the Surveillance Médicale des Expositions des Salariés au Risques Professionnels (SUMER) for health status, job satisfaction and the European mini-module, verbal and physical aggression and psychological violence at work (based on the Leymann questionnaire), sexual violence and aggression based on the sexual harassment questionnaire and the PCLS-5 scale validated and translated into French to assess post-traumatic stress. The population studied was therefore 788 sailors.
RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (82.3%). The average age was 41.4 years (standard deviation = 11.7). 46.7% of seafarers estimate being in very good health. During the past 12 months, overall, 24.5% of seafarers disclaimed having been victim in work-related context of a verbal aggression, with a significant difference according to the gender (21.1% for men and 41.0% for women). During the last 12 months, overall, 3.2% of seafarers have been victim in work-related context of a physical aggression (2.6% for men and 5.8% for women, NS), whereas 10.9% of seafarers reported hostile behaviour at present. Twenty per cent of seafarers reported sexual harassment in the last 12 months. During the entire working life of seafarers, 65.5% of women and 38.2% of men reported sexual harassment, and 38.8% of seafarers stated that they had experienced at least one traumatic event in the last 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: A quarter of seafarers say they have been the victim of verbal or physical aggression at work in the last twelve months. These figures are high, and higher than those of the global survey on violence and harassment at work carried out by the International Labour Organization. One of the most alarming results of our study is the overexposure of women working in the maritime industry to the risk of physical, verbal or sexual assault of any kind. Indeed, in all the questions concerning the experience of verbal and physical aggression, the number of women victims is twice as high as that of their male colleagues, and this difference is statistically significant. As far as prevention is concerned, it seems that an effort is needed in terms of information, since only one seafarer in two knows the procedure to follow in the event of aggression within their shipyard. Communication between shipowners and seafarers needs to be stepped up to ensure that everyone is familiar with the procedures.
摘要：
背景：在以男性为主的工作环境中，身体非常坚韧，在艰苦的工作环境中，职业暴露和工作，言语和身体攻击可能比其他部门更频繁。钓鱼,商船和游艇是所有行业，每年海员健康服务的医生都会重新评估航行的适应性。海员越来越多地报告侮辱，暴力或性别歧视行为。在船上看到的主要虐待类型可以是言语和/或身体攻击，屈辱,无论是私下还是在别人面前。对女性的性骚扰是一个非常令人担忧的话题。
方法：这是一项回顾性观察研究，是对海员进行专业监测的一部分。目标人群是成年海员，前来健身航行。该小组是从18岁以上的海员中招募的，他们正在接受一名海员保健服务机构(或当地中心)的监测。纳入期为2023年1月至4月的4个月。所有信息都是使用自我问卷收集的，该问卷是根据对健康状况的监督协会（SUMER）的问卷调查而开发的，工作满意度和欧洲迷你模块，工作中的言语和身体攻击和心理暴力(基于Leymann问卷)，基于性骚扰问卷和PCLS-5量表的性暴力和侵略行为验证并翻译成法语以评估创伤后压力。因此，研究的人口为788名水手。
结果：研究人群主要为男性（82.3%）。平均年龄为41.4岁（标准偏差=11.7）。46.7%的海员估计身体健康。在过去的12个月里,总的来说,24.5％的海员否认曾在与工作有关的口头攻击中成为受害者，根据性别有显著差异(男性为21.1%，女性为41.0%)。在过去的12个月里,总的来说,3.2％的海员在与工作有关的身体侵害中成为受害者（男性为2.6％，女性为5.8％，NS),而目前有10.9%的海员报告有敌对行为。20%的海员在过去12个月中报告了性骚扰。在海员的整个工作生涯中,65.5％的女性和38.2％的男性报告了性骚扰，38.8%的海员表示，他们在过去12个月中至少经历过一次创伤事件。
结论：四分之一的海员说，在过去的12个月里，他们在工作中遭受过言语或身体攻击。这些数字很高，并且高于国际劳工组织开展的关于工作中的暴力和骚扰的全球调查。我们研究的最令人震惊的结果之一是，在海运业工作的女性过度暴露于身体风险，任何形式的口头或性侵犯。的确,在所有关于语言和身体攻击经验的问题中，女性受害者的人数是男性同事的两倍，这种差异具有统计学意义。就预防而言，似乎需要在信息方面做出努力，因为只有两个海员中的一个知道在其造船厂内发生侵略时应遵循的程序。船东和海员之间的沟通需要加强，以确保每个人都熟悉程序。
方法：这是一项回顾性观察研究，是对海员进行专业监测的一部分。目标人群是成年海员，前来健身航行。该小组是从18岁以上的海员中招募的，他们正在接受一名海员保健服务机构(或当地中心)的监测。纳入期为2023年1月至4月的4个月。所有信息都是使用自我问卷收集的，该问卷是根据对健康状况的监督协会（SUMER）的问卷调查而开发的，工作满意度和欧洲迷你模块，工作中的言语和身体攻击和心理暴力(基于Leymann问卷)，基于性骚扰问卷和PCLS-5量表的性暴力和侵略行为验证并翻译成法语以评估创伤后压力。因此，研究的人口为788名水手。
结果：研究人群主要为男性（82.3%）。平均年龄为41.4岁（标准偏差=11.7）。46.7%的海员估计身体健康。在过去的12个月里,总的来说,24.5％的海员否认曾在与工作有关的口头攻击中成为受害者，根据性别有显著差异(男性为21.1%，女性为41.0%)。在过去的12个月里,总的来说,3.2％的海员在与工作有关的身体侵害中成为受害者（男性为2.6％，女性为5.8％，NS),而目前有10.9%的海员报告有敌对行为。20%的海员在过去12个月中报告了性骚扰。在海员的整个工作生涯中,65.5％的女性和38.2％的男性报告了性骚扰，38.8%的海员表示，他们在过去12个月中至少经历过一次创伤事件。
结论：四分之一的海员说，在过去的12个月里，他们在工作中遭受过言语或身体攻击。这些数字很高，并且高于国际劳工组织开展的关于工作中的暴力和骚扰的全球调查。我们研究的最令人震惊的结果之一是，在海运业工作的女性过度暴露于身体风险，任何形式的口头或性侵犯。的确,在所有关于语言和身体攻击经验的问题中，女性受害者的人数是男性同事的两倍，这种差异具有统计学意义。就预防而言，似乎需要在信息方面做出努力，因为只有两个海员中的一个知道在其造船厂内发生侵略时应遵循的程序。船东和海员之间的沟通需要加强，以确保每个人都熟悉程序。
