Abstract：
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health burden, with 30-40% patients developing resistance to standard clinical antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. In 2016, Carhart-Harris and colleagues reported that psilocybin, the hallucinogenic compound derived from magic mushrooms, exhibits rapid and enduring antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Subsequent clinical studies have found the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in MDD, depressive episode in bipolar disorder, anorexia, and drug addiction. In 2018 and 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration designated psilocybin as a \"breakthrough medicine\" for treatment-resistant depression and MDD, respectively. Notably, the side effects of psilocybin are limited to transient and mild issues, such as headache and fatigue, suggesting its safety. In 2023, we published a review on the role of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the antidepressant effects of serotonergic psychedelics (Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi, Volume 158, Issue 3, Page 229-232). Here, we present our study alongside the latest clinical and preclinical research on the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and provide an overview of the potential and issues related to psilocybin therapy.
摘要：
重度抑郁症（MDD）构成了巨大的全球健康负担，30-40%的患者对标准临床抗抑郁药产生耐药性，如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和三环抗抑郁药。2016年，Carhart-Harris和他的同事报告说，psilocybin,来自神奇蘑菇的致幻化合物，在难治性抑郁症患者中表现出快速和持久的抗抑郁作用。随后的临床研究发现了psilocybin在MDD中的治疗潜力，双相情感障碍的抑郁发作，厌食症,和毒瘾。在2018年和2019年，美国食品和药物管理局将psilocybin指定为治疗难治性抑郁症和MDD的“突破性药物”，分别。值得注意的是,psilocybin的副作用仅限于短暂和轻微的问题，如头痛和疲劳，表明它的安全性。在2023年，我们发表了关于5-羟色胺5-HT2A受体在5-羟色胺能迷幻药的抗抑郁作用中的作用的评论（NihonYakuriakuZasshi，第158卷，第3期，第229-232页）。这里,我们介绍了我们的研究以及关于psilocybin抗抑郁作用的最新临床和临床前研究，并概述了与psilocybin治疗相关的潜力和问题。
