PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Providing personal demographic information is routine practice in the United States, and yet, little is known about the impacts of this process. This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States when disclosing racial/ethnic identity.
METHODS: Seventeen semistructured interviews were conducted with adults identifying as Multiracial/ethnic. The Multiracial/ethnic identities of participants included Black or African American and White; Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and AI/AN; AI/AN and White and Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and White. Multiple participants reported identifying with multiple ethnic groups for any single broad category. Three identified as sexual minorities. Nine were Millennials; six were Gen X; one was Gen Z; one was Baby Boomer. Qualitative data were analyzed using staged hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Disclosure of racial and ethnic identities presents a unique stressor for Multiracial/ethnic populations due to methods used to obtain data, perceived mismatch of identity and phenotype and exposure to prejudice. Social norms, constructs and movements impact the categories that a Multiracial/ethnic person indicates to external parties.
CONCLUSIONS: The stress and negative feelings that Multiracial/ethnic adults face when identifying their race/ethnicity underscore the broader implications of standard demographic questions on feelings of inclusivity and visibility within a population.
UNASSIGNED: Gathering data on individuals\' racial and ethnic backgrounds is a standard practice, and yet, it can pose challenges for those who identify with multiple groups or do not see their identities reflected in the options provided. Such individuals may feel excluded or experience unfair treatment when disclosing their identity, leading to significant stress. As the frequency of this data collection increases, it is essential that the questions are posed empathetically and equitably, with a strong commitment to enhancing inclusivity throughout the process.
METHODS: Seventeen semistructured interviews were conducted with adults identifying as Multiracial/ethnic. The Multiracial/ethnic identities of participants included Black or African American and White; Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and AI/AN; AI/AN and White and Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and White. Multiple participants reported identifying with multiple ethnic groups for any single broad category. Three identified as sexual minorities. Nine were Millennials; six were Gen X; one was Gen Z; one was Baby Boomer. Qualitative data were analyzed using staged hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Disclosure of racial and ethnic identities presents a unique stressor for Multiracial/ethnic populations due to methods used to obtain data, perceived mismatch of identity and phenotype and exposure to prejudice. Social norms, constructs and movements impact the categories that a Multiracial/ethnic person indicates to external parties.
CONCLUSIONS: The stress and negative feelings that Multiracial/ethnic adults face when identifying their race/ethnicity underscore the broader implications of standard demographic questions on feelings of inclusivity and visibility within a population.
UNASSIGNED: Gathering data on individuals\' racial and ethnic backgrounds is a standard practice, and yet, it can pose challenges for those who identify with multiple groups or do not see their identities reflected in the options provided. Such individuals may feel excluded or experience unfair treatment when disclosing their identity, leading to significant stress. As the frequency of this data collection increases, it is essential that the questions are posed empathetically and equitably, with a strong commitment to enhancing inclusivity throughout the process.
摘要：
目的：提供个人人口统计信息是美国的常规做法，然而，对这一过程的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在研究美国多种族/族裔成年人在披露种族/族裔身份时的经验和观点。
方法：对被认定为多种族/族裔的成年人进行了17次半结构化访谈。参与者的多种族/种族身份包括黑人或非裔美国人和白人；黑人或非裔美国人，美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）和西班牙裔或拉丁裔；黑人或非裔美国人和西班牙裔或拉丁裔；黑人或非裔美国人和AI/AN；AI/AN和白人和亚洲人，夏威夷原住民或太平洋岛民和白人。多个参与者报告说，对于任何单一的广泛类别，都与多个种族群体进行了识别。三个被认定为性少数群体。九个是千禧一代；六个是X世代；一个是Z世代；一个是婴儿潮一代。使用分阶段混合归纳-演绎主题分析对定性数据进行分析。
结果：由于用于获取数据的方法，种族和族裔身份的披露为多种族/族裔人群提供了独特的压力源，身份和表型的感知不匹配和暴露于偏见。社会规范,结构和运动会影响多种族/族裔人士向外部政党指示的类别。
结论：多种族/民族成年人在识别种族/民族时面临的压力和负面情绪强调了标准人口统计问题对人口中包容性和可见性的更广泛影响。
■收集有关个人种族和民族背景的数据是一种标准做法，然而，对于那些认同多个群体或看不到他们的身份反映在提供的选项中的人来说，这可能会带来挑战。这些人在披露身份时可能会感到被排斥或受到不公平待遇，导致巨大的压力。随着这种数据收集频率的增加，至关重要的是，这些问题要有同情心和公平地提出，坚定致力于在整个过程中增强包容性。
方法：对被认定为多种族/族裔的成年人进行了17次半结构化访谈。参与者的多种族/种族身份包括黑人或非裔美国人和白人；黑人或非裔美国人，美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）和西班牙裔或拉丁裔；黑人或非裔美国人和西班牙裔或拉丁裔；黑人或非裔美国人和AI/AN；AI/AN和白人和亚洲人，夏威夷原住民或太平洋岛民和白人。多个参与者报告说，对于任何单一的广泛类别，都与多个种族群体进行了识别。三个被认定为性少数群体。九个是千禧一代；六个是X世代；一个是Z世代；一个是婴儿潮一代。使用分阶段混合归纳-演绎主题分析对定性数据进行分析。
结果：由于用于获取数据的方法，种族和族裔身份的披露为多种族/族裔人群提供了独特的压力源，身份和表型的感知不匹配和暴露于偏见。社会规范,结构和运动会影响多种族/族裔人士向外部政党指示的类别。
结论：多种族/民族成年人在识别种族/民族时面临的压力和负面情绪强调了标准人口统计问题对人口中包容性和可见性的更广泛影响。
■收集有关个人种族和民族背景的数据是一种标准做法，然而，对于那些认同多个群体或看不到他们的身份反映在提供的选项中的人来说，这可能会带来挑战。这些人在披露身份时可能会感到被排斥或受到不公平待遇，导致巨大的压力。随着这种数据收集频率的增加，至关重要的是，这些问题要有同情心和公平地提出，坚定致力于在整个过程中增强包容性。
