PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the most abundant small non-coding RNA in animal cells, typically 26-31 nucleotides in length and it binds with PIWI proteins, a subfamily of Argonaute proteins. Initially discovered in germ cells, piRNA is well known for its role in silencing transposons and maintaining genome integrity. However, piRNA is also present in somatic cells as well as in extracellular vesicles and exosomes. While piRNA has been extensively studied in various diseases, particular cancer, its function in immune diseases remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current research on piRNA in immune diseases. We first introduce the basic characteristics, biogenesis and functions of piRNA. Then, we review the association of piRNA with different types of immune diseases, including autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, infectious diseases, and other immune-related diseases. piRNA is considered a promising biomarker for diseases, highlighting the need for further research into its potential mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.
摘要：
PIWI相互作用RNA(piRNA)是动物细胞中最丰富的非编码小RNA,通常长度为26-31个核苷酸，它与PIWI蛋白结合，Argonaute蛋白的一个亚家族。最初是在生殖细胞中发现的，piRNA在沉默转座子和维持基因组完整性方面的作用是众所周知的。然而,piRNA也存在于体细胞以及细胞外囊泡和外来体中。虽然已经在各种疾病中广泛研究了piRNA，特别是癌症，其在免疫性疾病中的功能尚不清楚。在这次审查中,本文就piRNA在免疫性疾病中的研究进展作一综述。我们首先介绍基本特征,piRNA的生物发生和功能。然后，我们回顾了piRNA与不同类型的免疫疾病的关系，包括自身免疫性疾病,免疫缺陷疾病，传染病,和其他免疫相关疾病。piRNA被认为是一种有前途的疾病生物标志物，强调需要进一步研究其在疾病发病机理中的潜在机制。
