PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Metacognitive biases have been repeatedly associated with transdiagnostic psychiatric dimensions of \'anxious-depression\' and \'compulsivity and intrusive thought\', cross-sectionally. To progress our understanding of the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms, new methods are required to measure metacognition remotely, within individuals over time. We developed a gamified smartphone task designed to measure visuo-perceptual metacognitive (confidence) bias and investigated its psychometric properties across two studies (N = 3410 unpaid citizen scientists, N = 52 paid participants). We assessed convergent validity, split-half and test-retest reliability, and identified the minimum number of trials required to capture its clinical correlates. Convergent validity of metacognitive bias was moderate (r(50) = 0.64, p < 0.001) and it demonstrated excellent split-half reliability (r(50) = 0.91, p < 0.001). Anxious-depression was associated with decreased confidence (β = - 0.23, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001), while compulsivity and intrusive thought was associated with greater confidence (β = 0.07, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). The associations between metacognitive biases and transdiagnostic psychiatry dimensions are evident in as few as 40 trials. Metacognitive biases in decision-making are stable within and across sessions, exhibiting very high test-retest reliability for the 100-trial (ICC = 0.86, N = 110) and 40-trial (ICC = 0.86, N = 120) versions of Meta Mind. Hybrid \'self-report cognition\' tasks may be one way to bridge the recently discussed reliability gap in computational psychiatry.
摘要：
元认知偏见反复与“焦虑抑郁”和“强迫性和侵入性思维”的诊断性精神病学维度相关，横截面。为了提高我们对潜在神经认知机制的理解，需要新的方法来远程测量元认知，个人随着时间的推移。我们开发了一个游戏化的智能手机任务，旨在测量视觉感知元认知（信心）偏差，并在两项研究中调查了其心理测量特性（N=3410无薪公民科学家，N=52名付费参与者)。我们评估了收敛有效性，半分割和重测可靠性，并确定了捕获其临床相关性所需的最小试验数量。元认知偏倚的收敛效度是中等的（r（50）=0.64，p<0.001），并且表现出出色的分半信度（r（50）=0.91，p<0.001）。焦虑抑郁与信心下降相关(β=-0.23,SE=0.02,p<0.001),而强迫性和侵入性思维与更高的置信度相关(β=0.07，SE=0.02，p<0.001)。仅在40项试验中，就可以明显看出元认知偏见与诊断性精神病学维度之间的关联。决策中的元认知偏差在会话内和会话之间是稳定的，对于100个试验（ICC=0.86，N=110）和40个试验（ICC=0.86，N=120）版本的MetaMind，表现出非常高的重测可靠性。混合“自我报告认知”任务可能是弥合最近讨论的计算精神病学可靠性差距的一种方法。
