Abstract：
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutraceuticals vs. in-feed antibiotics on performance, blood lipids, antioxidant capacity, cecal microbiota, and organ histomorphology of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chickens were distributed into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates each. The control group was fed on a basal diet without any additives (NC); the antibiotic group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 avilamycin (PC); the algal group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris (1.5 g + 1.5 g/kg feed) (SP+CV); the essential oil group was fed with a basal diet containing 300 mg/kg feed rosemary oil (REO); and the probiotics group (a mixture of 1 × 1011 CFU/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1 × 1011 CFU/g Enterococcus facieum, 1 × 1010 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 2 × 108 CFU /g Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 35 d. A beneficial effect of SP+CV and PRO (P < 0.01) was noticed on final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast yield. The dietary supplementation with SP+CV, REO, and PRO increased (P < 0.001) broilers\' cecal lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control. Lower cecal Clostridium perfringens and Coliform counts (P < 0.001) were noticed in chickens fed the PC and supplemental diets. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes were increased in the breast and thigh meat (P < 0.001) of broiler chickens fed SP+CV, REO, and PRO diets. Dietary SP+CV, REO, and PRO supplementation decreased (P < 0.001) serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and MDA, but increased serum high-density lipoprotein and GPx compared to PC and NC. No pathological lesions were noticed in the liver, kidney, or breast muscle among broilers. The SP+CV, REO, and PRO groups had greater (P < 0.001) intestinal villi height and crypt depth while lower goblet cell densities (P < 0.01) than the control. The present findings suggest that PRO and SP+CV, followed by REO could be suitable alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing the performance, health, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
摘要：
这项研究的主要目标是评估营养品与营养品的效果。饲料中的抗生素对性能的影响，血脂,抗氧化能力，盲肠微生物群，和肉鸡的器官组织形态学。将320只1日龄雄性肉鸡分为5个处理组，每组8个重复。对照组饲喂不含任何添加剂（NC）的基础日粮；抗生素组饲喂添加100mgkg-1阿维拉霉素（PC）的基础日粮；藻类组饲喂基础日粮，补充螺旋藻和普通小球藻的混合物（1.5g1.5g/kg饲料）（SPCV）；精油组饲喂含有300mg/kg的基础日粮（REO1g/10g的CFenhenc/g饲料1×1011CFU/g面肠球菌，1×1010CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌，和2×108CFU/g酿酒酵母）饲喂补充有0.05％益生菌（PRO）的基础饮食。实验持续35d。观察到SPCV和PRO对最终体重的有益作用（P<0.01）。体重增加,饲料转化率，和乳房产量。SP+CV的饮食补充，REO,与对照组相比，PRO增加了（P<0.001）肉鸡的盲肠乳酸菌计数。在饲喂PC和补充饮食的鸡中注意到盲肠产气荚膜梭菌和大肠杆菌计数较低(P<0.001)。丙二醛（MDA）浓度降低，而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx），超氧化物歧化酶,饲喂SP+CV的肉鸡的胸肉和大腿肉中过氧化氢酶酶增加（P<0.001），REO,和PRO饮食。饮食SP+CV,REO,和PRO补充降低（P<0.001）血清总脂质，胆固醇,甘油三酯，低密度脂蛋白，MDA,但与PC和NC相比，血清高密度脂蛋白和GPx升高。肝脏未发现病理损伤,肾,或肉鸡的胸肌。SP+CV,REO,与对照组相比，PRO组的肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度更高（P<0.001），而杯状细胞密度更低（P<0.01）。目前的研究结果表明，PRO和SP+CV，其次是REO可能是饲料中抗生素的合适替代品，以提高性能，健康,和肉鸡的肉质。
