Abstract：
Poxviruses have evolved a wide array of mechanisms to evade the immune response, and we provide an overview of the different immunomodulatory strategies. Poxviruses prevent the recognition of viral DNA that triggers the immune responses and inhibit signaling pathways within the infected cell. A unique feature of poxviruses is the production of secreted proteins that mimic cytokines and cytokine receptors, acting as decoy receptors to neutralize the activity of cytokines and chemokines. The capacity of these proteins to evade cellular immune responses by inhibiting cytokine activation is complemented by poxviruses\' strategies to block natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, often through interfering with antigen presentation pathways. Mechanisms that target complement activation are also encoded by poxviruses. Virus-encoded proteins that target immune molecules and pathways play a major role in immune modulation, and their contribution to viral pathogenesis, facilitating virus replication or preventing immunopathology, is discussed.
摘要：
痘病毒已经进化出一系列逃避免疫反应的机制，我们提供了不同免疫调节策略的概述。痘病毒会阻止病毒DNA的识别，从而触发免疫反应并抑制受感染细胞内的信号传导途径。痘病毒的一个独特特征是产生模拟细胞因子和细胞因子受体的分泌蛋白，充当诱饵受体以中和细胞因子和趋化因子的活性。这些蛋白质通过抑制细胞因子激活逃避细胞免疫反应的能力得到痘病毒阻断自然杀伤细胞和细胞毒性T细胞的策略的补充。通常通过干扰抗原呈递途径。靶向补体激活的机制也由痘病毒编码。靶向免疫分子和途径的病毒编码蛋白在免疫调节中起主要作用，以及它们对病毒发病机理的贡献，促进病毒复制或预防免疫病理学，正在讨论。
