Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Correlations between the number of milk somatic cells (SCC), the number of microorganisms, and the content of basic components of milk were studied on five farms (F1-F5) with cows of the same breed, but with different milking systems.
METHODS: From each farm, 50 Holstein Friesien milk samples were collected once a month (250 samples/month; n=3,000) during March 2022 - February 2023. Samples from farms F1 and F5 were tested for fat, protein, lactose, no fat dry matter content (FTIR spectroscopy), for the SCC (Fossomatic 7), and for the differential cells (Vetscan DC-Q).
RESULTS: The highest fat content was confirmed on farm F5 (3.85 ± 1.70%) and F4 (3.82 ± 0.21%) with automatic milking system (AMS). However, from the point of view of protein content, these farms showed slightly lower values (<0.05). F1 did not meet the minimum required amount for fat content (2.84 ± 0.81%) set by the legislation of the Slovakia. The comparison shows that there is not much difference in cell size between healthy cells and mastitis cells. The average size of healthy cells was approximately 8.77 ± 0.49 μm. In the monitored period, the average values determined were at the level of 292,000/mL (5.46 ± 0.72 log10 SCC) in cow milk samples, while for the rest of the year, the values remained at 256,000/mL (5.40 ± 0.80 log10 SCC). F1 was categorized as a positive farm with a high TLC (total milk leucocyte count) concentration (5.58 log10 cells/mL, 406.65 ± 53.80 × 103 cells/mL) and a predominant NEU fraction (61%). Farms F2, F4, and F5 were classified as negative farms (TLC was 4.70 ± 0.26 log10 cells/ml).
CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the size of SCCs in healthy milk does not differ from SCCs found in mastitis milk. From the results, it can be concluded that the transition to the latest generation of robotic milking method can positively affect milk production and its quality.
METHODS: From each farm, 50 Holstein Friesien milk samples were collected once a month (250 samples/month; n=3,000) during March 2022 - February 2023. Samples from farms F1 and F5 were tested for fat, protein, lactose, no fat dry matter content (FTIR spectroscopy), for the SCC (Fossomatic 7), and for the differential cells (Vetscan DC-Q).
RESULTS: The highest fat content was confirmed on farm F5 (3.85 ± 1.70%) and F4 (3.82 ± 0.21%) with automatic milking system (AMS). However, from the point of view of protein content, these farms showed slightly lower values (<0.05). F1 did not meet the minimum required amount for fat content (2.84 ± 0.81%) set by the legislation of the Slovakia. The comparison shows that there is not much difference in cell size between healthy cells and mastitis cells. The average size of healthy cells was approximately 8.77 ± 0.49 μm. In the monitored period, the average values determined were at the level of 292,000/mL (5.46 ± 0.72 log10 SCC) in cow milk samples, while for the rest of the year, the values remained at 256,000/mL (5.40 ± 0.80 log10 SCC). F1 was categorized as a positive farm with a high TLC (total milk leucocyte count) concentration (5.58 log10 cells/mL, 406.65 ± 53.80 × 103 cells/mL) and a predominant NEU fraction (61%). Farms F2, F4, and F5 were classified as negative farms (TLC was 4.70 ± 0.26 log10 cells/ml).
CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the size of SCCs in healthy milk does not differ from SCCs found in mastitis milk. From the results, it can be concluded that the transition to the latest generation of robotic milking method can positively affect milk production and its quality.
摘要：
目的：牛奶体细胞（SCC）数量之间的相关性，微生物的数量，并在五个具有相同品种奶牛的农场（F1-F5）上研究了牛奶的基本成分含量，但是有不同的挤奶系统。
方法：从每个农场，在2022年3月至2023年2月期间，每月收集50份荷斯坦Friesien牛奶样品（250份样品/月；n=3,000）。来自农场F1和F5的样品进行了脂肪测试，蛋白质，乳糖,无脂肪干物质含量（FTIR光谱），对于SCC(Fossartical7)，和差分电池(VetscanDC-Q)。
结果：在使用自动挤奶系统（AMS）的农场F5（3.85±1.70％）和F4（3.82±0.21％）上确认了最高的脂肪含量。然而,从蛋白质含量的角度来看，这些农场的数值略低(<0.05)。F1未达到斯洛伐克立法规定的最低脂肪含量（2.84±0.81％）。比较表明，健康细胞和乳腺炎细胞之间的细胞大小没有太大差异。健康细胞的平均大小为约8.77±0.49μm。在监测期间,在牛奶样品中测定的平均值为292,000/mL（5.46±0.72log10SCC），而在今年剩下的时间里，数值保持在256,000/mL(5.40±0.80log10SCC).F1被归类为具有高TLC（总乳白细胞计数）浓度（5.58log10细胞/mL，406.65±53.80×103个细胞/mL）和主要的NEU分数（61％）。农场F2、F4和F5被分类为阴性农场(TLC为4.70±0.26log10细胞/ml)。
结论：根据结果，健康牛奶中SCC的大小与乳腺炎牛奶中的SCC没有差异.从结果来看,可以得出结论，向最新一代机器人挤奶方法的过渡可以积极影响牛奶的产量和质量。
方法：从每个农场，在2022年3月至2023年2月期间，每月收集50份荷斯坦Friesien牛奶样品（250份样品/月；n=3,000）。来自农场F1和F5的样品进行了脂肪测试，蛋白质，乳糖,无脂肪干物质含量（FTIR光谱），对于SCC(Fossartical7)，和差分电池(VetscanDC-Q)。
结果：在使用自动挤奶系统（AMS）的农场F5（3.85±1.70％）和F4（3.82±0.21％）上确认了最高的脂肪含量。然而,从蛋白质含量的角度来看，这些农场的数值略低(<0.05)。F1未达到斯洛伐克立法规定的最低脂肪含量（2.84±0.81％）。比较表明，健康细胞和乳腺炎细胞之间的细胞大小没有太大差异。健康细胞的平均大小为约8.77±0.49μm。在监测期间,在牛奶样品中测定的平均值为292,000/mL（5.46±0.72log10SCC），而在今年剩下的时间里，数值保持在256,000/mL(5.40±0.80log10SCC).F1被归类为具有高TLC（总乳白细胞计数）浓度（5.58log10细胞/mL，406.65±53.80×103个细胞/mL）和主要的NEU分数（61％）。农场F2、F4和F5被分类为阴性农场(TLC为4.70±0.26log10细胞/ml)。
结论：根据结果，健康牛奶中SCC的大小与乳腺炎牛奶中的SCC没有差异.从结果来看,可以得出结论，向最新一代机器人挤奶方法的过渡可以积极影响牛奶的产量和质量。
