Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone versus SRP combined with 24% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) gel in removing calculus from extracted teeth and to determine the optimal length of time for application of the EDTA.
METHODS: Specimens consisted of 32 extracted teeth with heavy root calculus. A 4-mm diameter site was prepared on the root surface of each tooth which then underwent SRP. EDTA was applied to four timed groups: 30 s; 60 s; 120 s; and 180 s. Photomicrographs were taken at 40× magnification using white light (WL) and laser fluorescence (LF). Photomicrographs were analyzed using ImageJ. Specimens were also evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS: The mean area of residual calculus after SRP was 45%-53% (45.6% ± 19.6% WL, 53.8% ± 19.7% LF). Burnishing with EDTA for one minute following SRP reduced calculus to only 14%-18% (13.9% ± 12.5% LF, 18.2% ± 11.1% WL). Use of EDTA for greater than 1 min showed no further calculus removal. SEM revealed the surface of remaining calculus was altered by burnishing with EDTA.
CONCLUSIONS: SRP alone or SRP + 24% EDTA gel failed to remove all calculus. SRP alone removed >60% of calculus from root surfaces. Adjunctive use of 24% EDTA gel burnished on the root surface removed most of the calculus residual after SRP. Calculus remaining after EDTA burnishing exhibited a significantly altered morphologic appearance.
METHODS: Specimens consisted of 32 extracted teeth with heavy root calculus. A 4-mm diameter site was prepared on the root surface of each tooth which then underwent SRP. EDTA was applied to four timed groups: 30 s; 60 s; 120 s; and 180 s. Photomicrographs were taken at 40× magnification using white light (WL) and laser fluorescence (LF). Photomicrographs were analyzed using ImageJ. Specimens were also evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS: The mean area of residual calculus after SRP was 45%-53% (45.6% ± 19.6% WL, 53.8% ± 19.7% LF). Burnishing with EDTA for one minute following SRP reduced calculus to only 14%-18% (13.9% ± 12.5% LF, 18.2% ± 11.1% WL). Use of EDTA for greater than 1 min showed no further calculus removal. SEM revealed the surface of remaining calculus was altered by burnishing with EDTA.
CONCLUSIONS: SRP alone or SRP + 24% EDTA gel failed to remove all calculus. SRP alone removed >60% of calculus from root surfaces. Adjunctive use of 24% EDTA gel burnished on the root surface removed most of the calculus residual after SRP. Calculus remaining after EDTA burnishing exhibited a significantly altered morphologic appearance.
摘要：
背景：最近的研究表明，残留牙结石的微观结晶颗粒在牙周炎的发病机制中具有一定的作用。这项离体研究的目的是比较单独的结垢和根部平整（SRP）与SRP结合24％乙二胺-四乙酸（EDTA）凝胶在去除拔牙牙结石方面的有效性，并确定最佳时间应用EDTA。
方法：标本包括32颗拔牙，根结石较重。在每个牙齿的根部表面上制备4毫米直径的部位，然后进行SRP。将EDTA应用于四个定时组：30s;60s;120s;和180s。使用白光（WL）和激光荧光（LF）以40倍放大倍数拍摄显微照片。使用ImageJ分析显微照片。样品也用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)评估。
结果：SRP后残留结石的平均面积为45％-53％（45.6％±19.6％WL，53.8%±19.7%LF)。SRP后，用EDTA抛光一分钟，将结石减少到只有14%-18%(13.9%±12.5%LF，18.2%±11.1%WL)。使用EDTA超过1分钟显示没有进一步去除结石。SEM显示，通过用EDTA抛光，剩余牙结石的表面发生了改变。
结论：单独使用SRP或SRP+24%EDTA凝胶无法清除所有结石。SRP单独从根表面去除>60%的牙结石。辅助使用在根表面磨光的24％EDTA凝胶去除SRP后的大部分结石残留。EDTA抛光后剩余的结石表现出明显的形态学外观改变。
方法：标本包括32颗拔牙，根结石较重。在每个牙齿的根部表面上制备4毫米直径的部位，然后进行SRP。将EDTA应用于四个定时组：30s;60s;120s;和180s。使用白光（WL）和激光荧光（LF）以40倍放大倍数拍摄显微照片。使用ImageJ分析显微照片。样品也用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)评估。
结果：SRP后残留结石的平均面积为45％-53％（45.6％±19.6％WL，53.8%±19.7%LF)。SRP后，用EDTA抛光一分钟，将结石减少到只有14%-18%(13.9%±12.5%LF，18.2%±11.1%WL)。使用EDTA超过1分钟显示没有进一步去除结石。SEM显示，通过用EDTA抛光，剩余牙结石的表面发生了改变。
结论：单独使用SRP或SRP+24%EDTA凝胶无法清除所有结石。SRP单独从根表面去除>60%的牙结石。辅助使用在根表面磨光的24％EDTA凝胶去除SRP后的大部分结石残留。EDTA抛光后剩余的结石表现出明显的形态学外观改变。
