Abstract：
Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, substantial progress has been made in the interruption of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission worldwide: global eradication of WPV types 2 and 3 were certified in 2015 and 2019, respectively, and endemic transmission of WPV type 1 continues only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. After the synchronized global withdrawal of all serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) in 2016, widespread outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) have occurred, which are linked to areas with low population immunity to poliovirus. Officials in Somalia have detected ongoing cVDPV2 transmission since 2017. Polio vaccination coverage and surveillance data for Somalia were reviewed to assess this persistent transmission. During January 2017-March 2024, officials in Somalia detected 39 cVDPV2 cases in 14 of 20 regions, and transmission has spread to neighboring Ethiopia and Kenya. Since January 2021, 28 supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) targeting cVDPV2 were conducted in Somalia. Some parts of the country are security-compromised and inaccessible for vaccination campaigns. Among 1,921 children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis, 231 (12%) had not received OPV doses through routine immunization or SIAs, 95% of whom were from the South-Central region, and 60% of whom lived in inaccessible districts. Enhancing humanitarian negotiation measures in Somalia to enable vaccination of children in security-compromised areas and strengthening campaign quality in accessible areas will help interrupt cVDPV2 transmission.
摘要：
自1988年全球根除脊髓灰质炎倡议启动以来，在阻断野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）在全球范围内的传播方面取得了实质性进展：全球根除WPV2型和3型分别于2015年和2019年获得认证。WPV1型的地方性传播仅在阿富汗和巴基斯坦继续。在2016年全球同步退出所有2型血清口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（OPVs）后，流行疫苗衍生的2型脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV2）已经广泛爆发，这与人群对脊髓灰质炎病毒免疫力低的地区有关。自2017年以来，索马里官员发现了正在进行的cVDPV2传播。审查了索马里的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种覆盖率和监测数据，以评估这种持续传播。在2017年1月至2024年3月期间，索马里官员在20个地区中的14个地区发现了39例cVDPV2病例。并传播到邻国埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚。自2021年1月以来，在索马里开展了28项针对cVDPV2的补充免疫活动。该国某些地区的安全受到威胁，无法进行疫苗接种运动。在1,921名非脊髓灰质炎急性弛缓性麻痹儿童中，231(12%)没有通过常规免疫接种或SIA接受OPV剂量，其中95%来自中南部地区，60%的人生活在交通不便的地区。加强索马里的人道主义谈判措施，使安全受损地区的儿童能够接种疫苗，并加强无障碍地区的运动质量，将有助于阻断cVDPV2传播。
