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Abstract：
Valid and reliable developmental screening and assessment tools allow professionals to identify disabilities/delays in children, enabling timely intervention to limit adverse lifelong impacts on health. However, differences in child development related to culture, genetics, and perinatal outcomes may impact tool applicability. This study evaluated the validity, reliability, and accessibility of multidomain developmental screening tools for young children, analyzed the applicability of tools across different contexts, and created a compendium of tools. Employing adapted realist review methods, we searched APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, and Google to identify relevant articles and information. We assessed accessibility, validity, reliability, and contextual applicability (N = 4110 evidence sources) to create tool ratings and make recommendations. Of 33 identified tools, 22 were screening and 11 were assessment tools. Fewer screening tools than assessment tools were rated highly overall. Evidence for use in different cultures was often lacking for both types of tools. The ASQ (screening) and BDI (assessment) tools were rated most favorably and are recommended for use, though other tools may be more applicable in different contexts (e.g., NEPSY among children with Asperger\'s Syndrome). Future research should focus on assessing the validity and reliability of tools across different demographics to increase accessibility and ensure all children are properly supported.
摘要：
有效和可靠的发育筛查和评估工具使专业人员能够识别儿童的残疾/延误，能够及时干预，以限制对健康的不利影响。然而,儿童发展的差异与文化有关，遗传学,围产期结局可能会影响工具的适用性。本研究评估了效度，可靠性,以及幼儿多领域发展筛查工具的可及性，分析了工具在不同环境下的适用性，并创建了一个工具简编。采用适应的现实主义审查方法，我们搜索了APAPsycInfo,MEDLINE,CINAHL,ERIC,和谷歌来识别相关的文章和信息。我们评估了可达性，有效性，可靠性,和上下文适用性（N=4110证据来源），以创建工具评级并提出建议。在33个确定的工具中，22个是筛查，11个是评估工具。总体评价较高的筛选工具比评估工具少。这两种工具通常都缺乏在不同文化中使用的证据。ASQ（筛选）和BDI（评估）工具被评为最有利的，建议使用，尽管其他工具可能更适用于不同的环境(例如，患有阿斯伯格综合症的儿童中的NEPSY）。未来的研究应侧重于评估不同人口统计学工具的有效性和可靠性，以增加可访问性，并确保所有儿童都得到适当的支持。
