PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a foodborne mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds that commonly infect cereal grains. It is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor that can significantly impact humans\' gastrointestinal, immune, and nervous systems and can alter the microbiome landscape. Low-dose, chronic exposure to DON has been found to stimulate the immune system, inhibit protein synthesis, and cause appetite suppression, potentially leading to growth failure in children. At higher doses, DON has been shown to cause immune suppression, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, the malabsorption of nutrients, intestinal hemorrhaging, dizziness, and fever. A provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) limit of 1 µg/kg/body weight has been established to protect humans, underscoring the potential health risks associated with DON intake. While the adverse effects of dietary DON exposure have been established, healthcare communities have not adequately investigated or addressed this threat to child health, possibly due to the assumption that current regulatory exposure limits protect the public appropriately. This integrative review investigated whether current dietary DON exposure rates in infants and children regularly exceed PMTDI limits, placing them at risk of negative health effects. On a global scale, the routine contamination of cereal grains, bakery products, pasta, and human milk with DON could lead to intake levels above PMTDI limits. Furthermore, evidence suggests that other food commodities, such as soy, coffee, tea, dried spices, nuts, certain seed oils, animal milk, and various water reservoirs, can be intermittently contaminated, further amplifying the scope of the issue. Better mitigation strategies and global measures are needed to safeguard vulnerable youth from this harmful toxicant.
摘要：
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是一种由镰刀菌霉菌产生的食源性霉菌毒素，通常会感染谷物。它是一种有效的蛋白质合成抑制剂，可以显著影响人类的胃肠道，免疫，和神经系统，并可以改变微生物组的景观。低剂量,长期接触DON可以刺激免疫系统，抑制蛋白质合成，导致食欲抑制，可能导致儿童成长失败。在更高的剂量下，DON已被证明会引起免疫抑制，恶心,呕吐,腹痛,头痛,腹泻,胃肠炎,营养吸收不良，肠出血，头晕,和发烧。为了保护人类，已经建立了1µg/kg/体重的临时最大每日容许摄入量（PMTDI）限值，强调与DON摄入相关的潜在健康风险。虽然已经确定了饮食DON暴露的不利影响，医疗保健社区没有充分调查或解决这种对儿童健康的威胁，可能是由于假设当前的监管暴露限制可以适当地保护公众。这篇综合综述调查了婴儿和儿童目前的饮食DON暴露率是否经常超过PMTDI限值，使他们面临负面健康影响的风险。在全球范围内,谷物的常规污染，烘焙产品，意大利面,和人乳与DON可能导致摄入水平高于PMTDI限制。此外，证据表明其他食品，比如大豆，咖啡,茶，干香料,坚果,某些种子油，动物奶,和各种水库，可以间歇性污染，进一步扩大问题的范围。需要更好的缓解战略和全球措施来保护弱势青年免受这种有害毒物的侵害。
