PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Statement of Problem: Progressive urbanization has reduced human interactions with nature, raising concerns about its impact on mental well-being. Previous research has often focused on specific aspects of nature contact, neglecting its multifaceted dimensions and their effects on mental health, particularly in developing countries. Research Gap: There is a scarcity of studies exploring the comprehensive dimensions of nature contact, such as frequency, duration, intensity, and space naturalness, and their correlation with mental well-being in developing countries\' urban settings. Purpose: This study aims to identify patterns of nature contact related to mental well-being in metropolitan areas of Brazil using exploratory cluster analysis, bridging the existing knowledge gap and informing targeted interventions to enhance mental health through nature contact. Method: An online survey collected data from 2136 participants in Brazil\'s metropolitan areas, focusing on their nature interaction patterns and mental health status using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), hierarchical clustering with p-values via multiscale bootstrap resampling, and analysis of variance. Results and Conclusions: Three distinct groups were identified, showing varied patterns of nature contact and demographic profiles. Greater and more frequent nature contact was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. These findings suggest a beneficial relationship between nature contact and mental well-being. Practical Implications: The results underline the importance of urban planning and public health policies that facilitate access to natural spaces, highlighting socioeconomic factors as significant barriers to this access. Future Directions: Further research should explore causal relationships and consider the specific realities and challenges faced by residents of developing nations.
摘要：
问题陈述：逐步城市化减少了人类与自然的互动，引起人们对其对心理健康影响的担忧。以前的研究通常集中在自然接触的特定方面，忽视了它的多方面及其对心理健康的影响，特别是在发展中国家。研究差距：探索自然接触的综合维度的研究很少，比如频率，持续时间,强度,和空间自然性，以及它们与发展中国家城市环境中心理健康的相关性。目的：本研究旨在使用探索性聚类分析来确定与巴西大都市地区心理健康相关的自然接触模式。弥合现有的知识差距，并告知有针对性的干预措施，以通过自然接触来增强心理健康。方法：一项在线调查收集了巴西大都市地区2136名参与者的数据，使用抑郁焦虑和压力量表(DASS-21)关注他们的自然互动模式和心理健康状况，通过多尺度引导重采样对p值进行分层聚类，和方差分析。结果和结论：确定了三个不同的组，显示不同的自然接触模式和人口统计学特征。更大和更频繁的自然接触与更低的抑郁水平相关，焦虑,和压力。这些发现表明，自然接触与心理健康之间存在有益的关系。实际影响：结果强调了促进进入自然空间的城市规划和公共卫生政策的重要性，强调社会经济因素是这种获取的重大障碍。未来方向：进一步的研究应该探索因果关系，并考虑发展中国家居民面临的具体现实和挑战。
