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Abstract：
The present study explored the nutritional composition, phytochemicals analysis, and antioxidant capacity of two indigenous varieties of red and green water chestnut (WCN) fruit grown in Pakistan. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the proximate composition (moisture, ash, fiber, proteins, fat, and energy), physicochemical properties (pH, °Brix, and glycemic index), minerals, and vitamins. The methanolic extracts of WCN fruits were explored for phytochemicals (total phenolic and flavonoid content), and antioxidant potential was examined in vitro by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Quantitative determination of mineral (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc) and vitamin (vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin A, and β-Carotene) composition was also assessed. Based on the findings, the proximate compositions of WCN green and red varieties varied greatly as WCN green contained significantly higher protein (1.72%), fat (0.65%), dietary fiber (2.21%), moisture (70.23%), ash (1.16%), and energy content (112.8 Kcal) than WCN red. In WCN green, the macro-micromineral concentrations were significantly higher than WCN red. Among the minerals analyzed, potassium was the most abundant mineral found in both varieties. Levels of vitamin C, B6, A, and β-Carotene were significantly higher in WCN green. In this study, methanolic extract showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone, ethanol, and distilled water. WCN green had a significantly higher quantum of total phenolic (91.13 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid (36.6 mg QE/g) and presented significantly higher antioxidant activity than the WCN red. This study showed that, among both varieties, WCN green extract has therapeutic potential against free radical mediated health conditions and suggested the potential use of this fruit as a source of natural antioxidants in nutraceuticals.
摘要：
本研究探索了营养成分，植物化学物质分析,以及在巴基斯坦种植的两个本地品种的红色和绿色water栗（WCN）水果的抗氧化能力。因此，这项研究旨在调查最接近的成分(水分，灰,纤维,蛋白质，脂肪，和能量)，物理化学性质(pH，°白利糖度,和血糖指数)，矿物,和维生素。探索了WCN果实的甲醇提取物的植物化学物质（总酚和类黄酮含量），并通过1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶酰肼自由基清除能力（DPPH）和铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）在体外检查了抗氧化潜力。矿物的定量测定(钠，钾，钙，磷，铁,锰，铜，和锌）和维生素（维生素C，维生素B6，维生素B2，维生素B3，维生素A，和β-胡萝卜素)组合物也被评估。根据调查结果,WCN绿色和红色品种的近似组成差异很大，因为WCN绿色含有显著更高的蛋白质(1.72%)，脂肪（0.65%），膳食纤维(2.21%)，水分（70.23%），灰分（1.16%），和能量含量(112.8大卡)比WCN红。在WCN绿色，宏微矿物质浓度明显高于WCN红。在分析的矿物中，钾是两个品种中发现的最丰富的矿物质。维生素C的水平，B6,A,和β-胡萝卜素在WCN绿色中明显更高。在这项研究中,甲醇提取物显示出比丙酮更高的提取效率，乙醇,和蒸馏水。WCN绿的总酚含量（91.13mgGAE/g）和总黄酮含量（36.6mgQE/g）明显高于WCN红，抗氧化活性明显高于WCN红。这项研究表明,在这两个品种中，WCN绿色提取物具有针对自由基介导的健康状况的治疗潜力，并建议将这种水果用作营养食品中天然抗氧化剂的来源。
