PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The physiology of reproduction has been of interest to researchers for centuries. The purpose of this work is to review the development of our knowledge on the neuroendocrine background of the regulation of ovulation. We first describe the development of the pituitary gland, the structure of the median eminence (ME), the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, the ovarian and pituitary hormones involved in ovulation, and the pituitary cell composition. We recall the pioneer physiological and morphological investigations that drove development forward. The description of the supraoptic-paraventricular magnocellular and tuberoinfundibular parvocellular systems and recognizing the role of the hypophysiotropic area were major milestones in understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of reproduction. The discovery of releasing and inhibiting hormones, the significance of pulse and surge generators, the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and the subsequent pulsatility of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) in the human reproductive physiology were truly transformative. The roles of three critical neuropeptides, kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (Dy), were also identified. This review also touches on the endocrine background of human infertility and assisted fertilization.
摘要：
几个世纪以来，研究人员一直对生殖生理学感兴趣。这项工作的目的是回顾我们对排卵调节的神经内分泌背景知识的发展。我们首先描述垂体的发育，中隆起(ME)的结构，下丘脑和脑垂体之间的联系,与排卵有关的卵巢和垂体激素，和垂体细胞组成。我们回顾了推动发展的先驱生理和形态学研究。对视上-室旁大细胞和结节漏斗小细胞系统的描述以及认识到低生理区域的作用是理解生殖的解剖和生理基础的主要里程碑。释放和抑制激素的发现，脉冲和浪涌发生器的意义，促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的脉冲分泌，人类生殖生理学中黄体生成（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）的搏动性确实具有革命性。三种关键神经肽的作用，kisspeptin(KP),神经激肽B(NKB),和强啡肽(Dy)，也被确认了。本文还对人类不孕症和辅助受精的内分泌背景进行了综述。
