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Abstract：
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin layers of extracellular matrix that separate epithelia, endothelia, muscle cells, and nerve cells from adjacent interstitial connective tissue. BMs are ubiquitous in almost all multicellular animals, and their composition is highly conserved across the Metazoa. There is increasing interest in the mechanical functioning of BMs, including the involvement of altered BM stiffness in development and pathology, particularly cancer metastasis, which can be facilitated by BM destabilization. Such BM weakening has been assumed to occur primarily through enzymatic degradation by matrix metalloproteinases. However, emerging evidence indicates that non-enzymatic mechanisms may also contribute. In brittlestars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), the tendons linking the musculature to the endoskeleton consist of extensions of muscle cell BMs. During the process of brittlestar autotomy, in which arms are detached for the purpose of self-defense, muscles break away from the endoskeleton as a consequence of the rapid destabilization and rupture of their BM-derived tendons. This contribution provides a broad overview of current knowledge of the structural organization and biomechanics of non-echinoderm BMs, compares this with the equivalent information on brittlestar tendons, and discusses the possible relationship between the weakening phenomena exhibited by BMs and brittlestar tendons, and the potential translational value of the latter as a model system of BM destabilization.
摘要：
基底膜（BMs）是分离上皮的细胞外基质的薄层，内皮,肌肉细胞，和邻近间质结缔组织的神经细胞。BMS在几乎所有的多细胞动物中无处不在,它们的组成在整个Metazoa中高度保守。人们对BM的机械功能越来越感兴趣，包括改变的BM硬度参与发育和病理学，特别是癌症转移，这可以通过BM不稳定来促进。已经假定这种BM弱化主要通过基质金属蛋白酶的酶促降解而发生。然而,新出现的证据表明，非酶机制也可能有贡献。在brittlestars（棘皮动物，Ophiuroidea)，ThetendonslinkingthemusculaturetotheendskelineconsistsofextensionsofmuscellBMs.Duringtheprocessofbrittlestarautcut,为了自卫而分离武器，由于BM衍生的肌腱迅速不稳定和破裂，肌肉脱离了内骨骼。本文提供了有关非棘皮动物BM的结构组织和生物力学的最新知识的广泛概述，将其与Brittlestar肌腱的等效信息进行比较，并讨论了BM表现出的弱化现象与brittlestar肌腱之间的可能关系，以及后者作为BM失稳模型系统的潜在平移值。
