Abstract：
The last decades of research have revealed that many other factors besides gamete genomes are able to determine the reproductive outcomes. Indeed, paternal factors have been observed to be capable of modulating multiple crucial features of the reproductive process, such as sperm physiology, the maternal environment and, even, the offspring health. These recent advances have been encompassed with the emergence of OMICS technologies, as they comprehensively characterise the molecular composition of biological systems. The present narrative review aimed to take a closer look at the potential of these technologies in the field of reproductive biology. This literature revision shows that most studies up to date have followed a non-targeted approach to screen mammalian seminal plasma (SP) and sperm metabolite composition through different metabolome platforms. These studies have proposed metabolites of multiple natures as potential in vivo fertility biomarkers. Yet, targeted approaches can be used to answer specific biological question, and their power is exemplified herein. For instance, metabolomic studies have uncovered not only that glycolysis is the main ATP energy source of pig sperm, but also that sperm metabolism can trigger DNA damage, hence compromise embryo development. In conclusion, this review shows the potential of both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics for the discovery of cell pathways that govern the reproductive process. Understanding these systems could help make progress in different areas, including livestock efficient breeding, the improvement of artificial reproductive technologies, and the development of biomarkers for infertility detection.
摘要：
过去几十年的研究表明，除了配子基因组之外，许多其他因素也能够决定生殖结果。的确,已观察到父系因素能够调节生殖过程的多个关键特征，比如精子生理学，产妇的环境和,甚至,后代的健康。这些最近的进步已经包含在OMICS技术的出现中，因为它们全面表征了生物系统的分子组成。本叙述性综述旨在更仔细地研究这些技术在生殖生物学领域的潜力。该文献修订表明，迄今为止的大多数研究都遵循非靶向方法，通过不同的代谢组平台筛选哺乳动物精浆（SP）和精子代谢物组成。这些研究提出了多种性质的代谢物作为潜在的体内生育生物标志物。然而，有针对性的方法可以用来回答特定的生物学问题，和他们的力量在这里举例说明。例如,代谢组学研究不仅发现糖酵解是猪精子的主要ATP能量来源,而且精子代谢也会引发DNA损伤，因此损害胚胎发育。总之,这篇综述显示了非靶向和靶向代谢组学在发现控制生殖过程的细胞通路方面的潜力.了解这些系统可以帮助在不同领域取得进展，包括牲畜高效育种，人工生殖技术的改进，以及不孕症检测生物标志物的开发。
