Abstract：
Soil contamination by hydrocarbons is a problem that causes severe damage to the environment and public health. Technologies such as bioremediation using native microbial species represent a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for decontamination. This study aimed to isolate indigenous fungi species from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and evaluate their diesel degrading capacity in soils contaminated with crude oil. Seven filamentous fungi were isolated after enrichment cultivation from soils collected from contaminated sites and subjected to growth analysis on diesel nutrient media. Two fungal species were pre-selected and identified by morphological genus analysis and molecular techniques as Trichoderma asperellum and Penicillium pedernalense. The microdilution test showed that T. asperellum presented better fungal growth in high diesel concentrations than P. pedernalense. In addition, T. asperellum was able to degrade 41 and 54% of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content present in soil artificially contaminated with diesel (10 g/kg of soil) in 7 and 14 days of incubation, respectively. In higher diesel concentration (1000 g of diesel/kg of soil) the TPH degradation reached 26%, 45%, and 48%, in 9, 16, and 30 d, respectively. The results demonstrated that the selected species was suitable for diesel degradation. We can also conclude that the isolation and selection process proposed in this work was successful and represents a simple alternative for obtaining native species with hydrocarbon degradation capacity, for use in the bioremediation process in the recovery of contaminated areas in an ecologically acceptable way.
摘要：
碳氢化合物对土壤的污染是一个对环境和公众健康造成严重破坏的问题。使用天然微生物物种的生物修复等技术代表了一种有前途的环保去污替代方法。本研究旨在从里约热内卢州分离本地真菌物种，巴西并评估其在受原油污染的土壤中的柴油降解能力。从污染地点收集的土壤中进行富集培养后，分离出7种丝状真菌，并在柴油营养培养基上进行生长分析。通过形态属分析和分子技术预先选择并鉴定了两种真菌，分别为木霉和青霉。微量稀释测试表明，在高柴油浓度下，天蚕的真菌生长要好于P.pedernalense。此外,天蚕能够在7天和14天的培养中降解被柴油人工污染的土壤（10g/kg土壤）中存在的总石油烃（TPH）含量的41％和54％，分别。在较高的柴油浓度（1000克柴油/千克土壤）下，TPH降解达到26％，45%,48%,在9、16和30天，分别。结果表明，所选物种适用于柴油降解。我们还可以得出结论，这项工作中提出的分离和选择过程是成功的，并且代表了获得具有碳氢化合物降解能力的天然物种的简单替代方案。用于以生态上可接受的方式恢复受污染区域的生物修复过程。
