PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
While studies on the sublethal effects of chemical residues in beeswax on adult honey bees are increasing, the study protocols assessing the impacts on honey bee brood in realistic conditions still need to be investigated. Moreover, little is known about the residue\'s effect on gene expression in honey bee brood. This study reports the effects of chlorpyriphos-ethyl, acrinathrin and stearin worker pupae exposure through contaminated or adulterated beeswax on the gene expression of some key health indicators, using a novel in vivo realistic model. Larvae were reared in acrinathrin (12.5, 25, 10 and 100 ppb) and chlorpyriphos-ethyl (5, 10, 500 and 5000 ppb) contaminated or stearin adulterated beeswax (3, 4, 5, 6 and 9%) in newly formed colonies to reduce the influence of external factors. On day 11, mortality rates were assessed. Honey bee pupae were extracted from the comb after 19 days of rearing and were analysed for the gene expression profile of four genes involved in the immune response to pathogens and environmental stress factors (Imd, dorsal, domeless and defensin), and two genes involved in detoxifications mechanisms (CYP6AS14 and CYP9Q3). We found no linear relation between the increase in the pesticide concentrations and the brood mortality rates, unlike stearin where an increase in stearin percentage led to an exponential increase in brood mortality. The immune system of pupae raised in acrinathrin contaminated wax was triggered and the expression of CYP6AS14 was significantly upregulated (exposure to 12.5 and 25 ppb). Almost all expression levels of the tested immune and detoxification genes were down-regulated when pupae were exposed to chlorpyrifos-contaminated wax. The exposure to stearin triggered the immune system and detoxification system of the pupae. The identification of substance-specific response factors might ultimately serve to identify molecules that are safer for bees and the ecosystem\'s health.
摘要：
虽然有关蜂蜡中化学残留物对成年蜜蜂的亚致死作用的研究越来越多，评估在现实条件下对蜜蜂育苗影响的研究方案仍需研究。此外，人们对这种残留物对蜜蜂育苗基因表达的影响知之甚少。这项研究报道了氯代吡啶的影响，通过污染或掺假的蜂蜡对一些关键健康指标的基因表达,使用一种新颖的体内现实模型。幼虫在新形成的菌落中被丙烯酸（12.5、25、10和100ppb）和毒死蜱磷乙基（5、10、500和5000ppb）污染或硬脂掺入的蜂蜡（3、4、5、6和9％）饲养以减少外部因素的影响。在第11天,评估死亡率。在饲养19天后从梳子中提取蜜蜂p，并分析了与病原体和环境胁迫因素的免疫反应有关的四个基因的基因表达谱（Imd，背侧,无圆顶和防御素)，和两个参与解毒机制的基因（CYP6AS14和CYP9Q3）。我们发现农药浓度的增加与育苗死亡率之间没有线性关系，与硬脂精不同，硬脂精百分比的增加导致育卵死亡率呈指数增长。触发了在菊酯污染的蜡中引起的p的免疫系统，并且CYP6AS14的表达显着上调（暴露于12.5和25ppb）。当p暴露于毒死rif污染的蜡时，几乎所有测试的免疫和解毒基因的表达水平都被下调。接触硬脂素触发了蛹的免疫系统和解毒系统。物质特异性反应因子的识别可能最终有助于识别对蜜蜂和生态系统健康更安全的分子。
