Abstract：
The immune system is imperative to the survival of all biological organisms. A functional immune system protects the organism by detecting and eliminating foreign and host aberrant molecules. Conversely, a dysfunctional immune system characterized by an overactive or weakened immune system causes life-threatening autoimmune or immunodeficiency diseases. Therefore, a critical need exists to develop technologies that regulate the immune system to ensure homeostasis or treat several diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that biomaterials─artificial materials (polymers, metals, ceramics, or engineered cells and tissues) that interact with biological systems─can trigger immune responses, offering a materials science-based strategy to modulate the immune system. This Review discusses the expanding frontiers of biomaterial-based immunomodulation, focusing on principles for designing these materials. This Review also presents examples of immunomodulatory biomaterials, which include polymers and metal- and carbon-based nanomaterials, capable of regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems.
摘要：
免疫系统对于所有生物有机体的生存至关重要。功能性免疫系统通过检测和消除外源和宿主异常分子来保护生物体。相反，以免疫系统过度活跃或减弱为特征的功能失调的免疫系统会导致危及生命的自身免疫或免疫缺陷疾病。因此,迫切需要开发调节免疫系统以确保稳态或治疗多种疾病的技术。越来越多的证据表明，生物材料─人造材料(聚合物，金属，陶瓷,或工程细胞和组织）与生物系统相互作用-可以触发免疫反应，提供基于材料科学的策略来调节免疫系统。这篇综述讨论了基于生物材料的免疫调节的不断扩大的前沿，专注于设计这些材料的原则。这篇综述还介绍了免疫调节生物材料的例子，其中包括聚合物、金属和碳基纳米材料，能够调节先天和适应性免疫系统。
