Abstract：
The foundation by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) of the Salpêtrière School in Paris had an influential role in the development of neurology during the late-nineteenth century. The international aura of Charcot attracted neurologists from all parts of the world. We here present the most representative European, American, and Russian young physicians who learned from Charcot during their tutoring or visit in Paris or Charcot\'s travels outside France. These include neurologists from Great Britain and Ireland, the United States, Germany and Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Finland, Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and Romania. Particularly emblematic among the renowned foreign scientists who met and/or learned from Charcot were Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard, who had interactions with Paris University and contributed to the early development of British and American neurological schools; John Hughlings Jackson, who was admired by Charcot and influenced French neurology similarly as Charcot did on British neurology; Silas Weir Mitchell, the pioneer in American neurology; Sigmund Freud, who was trained by Charcot to study patients with hysteria and then, back in Vienna, founded a new discipline called psychoanalysis; Aleksej Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov and almost all the founders of the Russian institutes of neurology who were instructed in Paris; and Georges Marinesco, who established the Romanian school of neurology and did major contributions thanks to his valuable relation with Charcot and French neurology.
摘要：
由Jean-MartinCharcot（1825-1893）创立的巴黎萨尔皮特雷学校在19世纪后期的神经病学发展中发挥了重要作用。Charcot的国际光环吸引了来自世界各地的神经学家。我们在这里介绍最具代表性的欧洲人，美国人,和俄罗斯年轻的医生学习夏科在他们的家教或访问巴黎或夏科的法国以外的旅行。其中包括来自英国和爱尔兰的神经学家，美国,德国和奥地利,瑞士,俄罗斯,意大利,西班牙,比利时和荷兰，斯堪的纳维亚和芬兰，波兰,波西米亚,匈牙利,和罗马尼亚。在与Charcot会面和/或向Charcot学习的著名外国科学家中，特别具有代表性的是Charles-EdouardBrown-Séquard，他与巴黎大学有互动，为英国和美国神经学学校的早期发展做出了贡献；约翰·休林斯·杰克逊，他受到夏科的钦佩，对法国神经病学的影响与夏科对英国神经病学的影响相似；西拉斯·威尔·米切尔，美国神经病学的先驱；西格蒙德·弗洛伊德，他接受了Charcot的培训，研究歇斯底里症的患者，回到维也纳,创立了一门名为精神分析的新学科；AleksejYakovlevichKozhevnikov和几乎所有在巴黎接受指导的俄罗斯神经病学研究所的创始人；和GeorgesMarinesco，他建立了罗马尼亚神经病学学校，并因与Charcot和法国神经病学的宝贵关系而做出了重大贡献。
