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Abstract：
Ichneumonidae, or Chilean Darwin wasps, are an important component of South American hymenopteran diversity, but the taxonomic and distributional knowledge on this insect is still deficient. Taking advantage of recently updated taxonomic knowledge, we assessed biogeographic relationships at the genus level and biodiversity spatial patterns along the latitudinal gradient. The results show the presence of 264 species in Chile, arranged in 102 genera and 22 subfamilies. Biogeographic relationships are based on six elements (cosmopolitan (n = 50; 36%), endemic (n = 29; 21%), Neotropical (n = 22; 16%), Holarctic-Oriental (n = 19; 14%), south-temperate (n = 16; 11%) and Australasian) and composed of just three genera: Anacis, Labena, and Meringops. Species and genera show a bimodal distribution along the latitudinal gradient: around 34° and 38° S. From an ecoregional perspective, richness is concentrated in the Valdivian temperate forests, but when assessed at a 0.5 × 0.5 cell scale, several outstanding cells are in the contact zone between the temperate forests and the Chilean Matorral. On the other hand, the Atacama Desert shows little or no presence of Darwin wasps. The results agree with Charles Porter, who identified a northern province composed of Neotropical and cosmopolitan genera with their own representatives in the far north (11 genera), a distributional gap in the core of the Atacama Desert, and around 128 genera in Porter\'s Neantarctic realm, covering all of Chile from 25° S to Cape Horn, including the Juan Fernandez islands. These results reinforce knowledge gaps and the need for more sampling and studies of available collections. Due to sampling gaps at this stage, identifying a continued increase or decrease in richness towards higher latitudes is not possible. More taxonomic and distributional information is also needed to assess potential threats to endemic genera and species.
摘要：
肺炎科，或者智利达尔文黄蜂,是南美膜翅目多样性的重要组成部分，但是关于这种昆虫的分类学和分布知识仍然不足。利用最近更新的分类学知识，我们评估了属水平的生物地理关系和沿纬度梯度的生物多样性空间格局。结果显示，智利有264种，分为102属和22个亚科。生物地理关系基于六个元素(世界性(n=50；36%)，地方性（n=29；21%），新热带（n=22；16％），北方-东方（n=19；14%），南温带（n=16；11％）和澳大利亚），仅由三个属组成：Anacis，Labena,和Meringops.物种和属沿纬度梯度显示双峰分布：约34°和38°S。从生态区域的角度来看，丰富度集中在瓦尔迪维安温带森林，但是当在0.5×0.5细胞尺度下评估时，温带森林和智利Matorral之间的接触区有几个杰出的细胞。另一方面,阿塔卡马沙漠几乎没有达尔文黄蜂。结果与查尔斯·波特一致，他确定了一个由新热带和世界性属组成的北部省，在遥远的北部有自己的代表（11属），阿塔卡马沙漠核心的分配差距，在波特的新北极领域大约有128属，涵盖智利从25°S到合恩角的所有地区，包括胡安·费尔南德斯群岛。这些结果加强了知识差距，并需要对现有馆藏进行更多的抽样和研究。由于此阶段的采样间隙，确定高纬度地区的丰富度持续增加或减少是不可能的。还需要更多的分类学和分布信息来评估对特有属和物种的潜在威胁。
