Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In distance running, pacing is characterized by changes in speed, leading to runners dropping off the leader\'s pace until a few remain to contest victory with a final sprint. Pacing behavior has been well studied over the last 30 years, but much remains unknown. It might be related to finishing position, finishing time, and dependent on critical speed (CS), a surrogate of physiologic capacity. We hypothesized a relationship between CS and the distance at which runners \"fell behind\" and \"let go\" from the leader or were \"outsprinted\" as contributors to performance.
METHODS: 100-m split times were obtained for athletes in the men\'s 10,000-m at the 2008 Olympics (N = 35). Split times were individually compared with the winner at the point of \"falling behind\" (successive split times progressively slower than the winner), \"letting go\" (large increase in time for distance compared with winner), or \"outsprinted\" (falling behind despite active acceleration) despite being with the leader with 400 m remaining.
RESULTS: Race times ranged between 26:55 and 29:23 (world record = 26:17). There were 3 groups who fell behind at ∼1000 (n = 11), ∼6000 (n = 16), and ∼9000 m (n = 2); let go at ∼4000 (n = 10), ∼7000 (n = 14), and ∼9500 m (n = 5); or were outkicked (n = 6). There was a moderate correlation between CS and finishing position (r = .82), individual mean pace (r = .79), \"fell behind\" distance (r = .77), and \"let go\" distance (r = .79). D\' balance was correlated with performance in the last 400 m (r = .87).
CONCLUSIONS: Athletes displayed distinct patterns of falling behind and letting go. CS serves as a moderate predictor of performance and final placing. Final placing during the sprint is related to preservation of D\' balance.
METHODS: 100-m split times were obtained for athletes in the men\'s 10,000-m at the 2008 Olympics (N = 35). Split times were individually compared with the winner at the point of \"falling behind\" (successive split times progressively slower than the winner), \"letting go\" (large increase in time for distance compared with winner), or \"outsprinted\" (falling behind despite active acceleration) despite being with the leader with 400 m remaining.
RESULTS: Race times ranged between 26:55 and 29:23 (world record = 26:17). There were 3 groups who fell behind at ∼1000 (n = 11), ∼6000 (n = 16), and ∼9000 m (n = 2); let go at ∼4000 (n = 10), ∼7000 (n = 14), and ∼9500 m (n = 5); or were outkicked (n = 6). There was a moderate correlation between CS and finishing position (r = .82), individual mean pace (r = .79), \"fell behind\" distance (r = .77), and \"let go\" distance (r = .79). D\' balance was correlated with performance in the last 400 m (r = .87).
CONCLUSIONS: Athletes displayed distinct patterns of falling behind and letting go. CS serves as a moderate predictor of performance and final placing. Final placing during the sprint is related to preservation of D\' balance.
摘要：
背景：在长跑中，起搏的特点是速度的变化，导致跑步者降低了领先者的步伐，直到少数人继续以最后的冲刺来争夺胜利。在过去的30年里，起搏行为得到了很好的研究，但仍有很多未知。这可能与完成位置有关，结束时间,并取决于临界速度(CS)，生理能力的替代品。我们假设CS与跑步者“落后”和“放开”的距离之间存在关系，而这些距离是领导者或“超越”的表现贡献者。
方法：在2008年奥运会上，男子10,000米运动员获得了100米的分割时间（N=35）。在“落后”时将分裂时间与获胜者进行单独比较（连续分裂时间比获胜者逐渐慢），“放手”(与获胜者相比，距离的时间大幅增加)，或“超跑”（尽管主动加速但仍落后），尽管与领导者在一起，剩下400m。
结果：比赛时间介于26:55和29:23之间（世界纪录=26:17）。有3组落后于1000(n=11)，6000(n=16)，和9000米(n=2)；在4000(n=10)放手，7000(n=14)，和9500米(n=5)；或被淘汰(n=6)。CS和终点位置之间存在中等相关性(r=0.82)，个人平均步速(r=0.79)，“落后”距离（r=.77），和“放手”距离（r=0.79）。D\'平衡与最后400米的表现相关(r=.87)。
结论：运动员表现出明显的落后和放手模式。CS是性能和最终排名的适度预测指标。冲刺期间的最终放置与D\'平衡的保存有关。
方法：在2008年奥运会上，男子10,000米运动员获得了100米的分割时间（N=35）。在“落后”时将分裂时间与获胜者进行单独比较（连续分裂时间比获胜者逐渐慢），“放手”(与获胜者相比，距离的时间大幅增加)，或“超跑”（尽管主动加速但仍落后），尽管与领导者在一起，剩下400m。
结果：比赛时间介于26:55和29:23之间（世界纪录=26:17）。有3组落后于1000(n=11)，6000(n=16)，和9000米(n=2)；在4000(n=10)放手，7000(n=14)，和9500米(n=5)；或被淘汰(n=6)。CS和终点位置之间存在中等相关性(r=0.82)，个人平均步速(r=0.79)，“落后”距离（r=.77），和“放手”距离（r=0.79）。D\'平衡与最后400米的表现相关(r=.87)。
结论：运动员表现出明显的落后和放手模式。CS是性能和最终排名的适度预测指标。冲刺期间的最终放置与D\'平衡的保存有关。
