Abstract：
Exposure to metal(loid)s can cause adverse health effects. This study evaluated the concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead in particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and in the urine of 100 participants from urban residential areas in Iran. A total of 100 residential buildings (one adult from each household) in six cities across Iran were recruited for this study. The levels of metal(loid)s in PM10 and the urine of participants were measured using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average (±SE) PM10 concentration in the buildings was 51.7 ± 3.46 μg/m3. Aluminum and cadmium had the highest and lowest concentrations among the metal(loid)s, averaging 3.74 ± 1.26 μg/m3 and 0.01 ± 0.001 μg/m3, respectively. In 85 % of the samples, the concentration of metal(loid)s in indoor air exceeded WHO air quality standards. Cadmium and lead had the highest and lowest numbers of indoor air samples exceeding the recommended standards, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of metal(loid)s in urine samples and indoor PM10 levels, as well as the wealth index of participants. There was also a significant direct relationship between the concentrations of nickel, arsenic, lead, and mercury in urine and the age of participants. Factors such as building location, type of cooling systems, use of printers at home, and natural ventilation influenced the concentration and types of metal(loid)s in the indoor air.
摘要：
接触金属（类）会对健康造成不利影响。这项研究评估了铝的浓度，砷,镉,铬,水银,镍,和铅在颗粒物质<10μm（PM10）和尿液中来自伊朗城市居民区的100名参与者。这项研究共招募了伊朗六个城市的100栋住宅楼(每户一名成人)。使用酸消化，然后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测量PM10和参与者尿液中的金属（类）水平。建筑物中的平均（±SE）PM10浓度为51.7±3.46μg/m3。在金属（类）中，铝和镉的浓度最高和最低，平均3.74±1.26μg/m3和0.01±0.001μg/m3。在85%的样本中，室内空气中金属（类）的浓度超过了世界卫生组织的空气质量标准。镉和铅的室内空气样本数量超过建议标准的最高和最低，分别。尿液样本中金属（类）的浓度与室内PM10水平之间存在显着相关性，以及参与者的财富指数。镍的浓度之间也有显著的直接关系，砷,铅,以及尿液中的汞和参与者的年龄。建筑物位置等因素，冷却系统的类型，在家里使用打印机，自然通风会影响室内空气中金属（类）的浓度和类型。
