Abstract：
Snakebite is a significant health concern in Africa, particularly due to neurotoxic envenomation which can lead to neuromuscular paralysis and respiratory failure. In Nigeria, snakes from the Elapidae family are a notable cause of envenomation cases, though these incidents are underreported. This review examined case reports of neurotoxic envenomation in Africa, highlighting the clinical impacts and the efficacy of available antivenoms. Preclinical studies showed that the polyvalent antivenom from the South African Institute for Medical Research (SAIMR) was highly effective against neurotoxicity with a protective efficacy (R) of 1346.80 mg/mL, while clinical assessment emphasized the need for high-dose antivenom therapy along with supportive measures like mechanical ventilation. Unlike hemorrhagic envenomation, where antivenom promptly resolves bleeding, neurotoxic cases often require additional interventions. The review underscores the necessity for tailored approaches in antivenom therapy to address the complexities of neurotoxic snakebites and reduce their public health burden in Africa.
摘要：
蛇咬伤在非洲是一个重大的健康问题，特别是由于神经毒性毒液可导致神经肌肉麻痹和呼吸衰竭。在尼日利亚,来自Elapidae家族的蛇是引起毒液感染的主要原因，尽管这些事件被低估了。这篇综述审查了非洲神经毒性毒液的病例报告，强调可用抗蛇毒血清的临床影响和疗效。临床前研究表明，南非医学研究所（SAIMR）的多价抗蛇毒血清对神经毒性非常有效，其保护功效（R）为1346.80mg/mL，而临床评估强调需要大剂量抗蛇毒血清治疗以及机械通气等支持性措施。与出血性毒液不同，抗蛇毒血清迅速解决出血，神经毒性病例通常需要额外的干预措施.该评论强调了在抗蛇毒血清治疗中采用量身定制的方法的必要性，以解决神经毒性蛇咬伤的复杂性并减轻其在非洲的公共卫生负担。
