PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available.
UNASSIGNED: To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).
UNASSIGNED: Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.
UNASSIGNED: In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).
UNASSIGNED: In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
UNASSIGNED: To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).
UNASSIGNED: Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.
UNASSIGNED: In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).
UNASSIGNED: In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
摘要：
■变性人和性别多样化（TGD）社区遭受的暴力程度不成比例，然而，由于测量TGD身份的局限性，几乎没有州代表性的估计。
■评估成年人暴力经历中的性别认同差异。
■来自2023年加利福尼亚暴力经历（CalVEX）调查的横截面数据，加权以提供具有州代表性的估计，用于评估18岁及以上成年人的性别认同与过去一年的暴力经历之间的关联。数据从2023年6月至12月进行了分析。
■性别认同(顺性女性，顺性男性，变性女性,变性人,和非二元个体)。
■身体暴力（包括身体虐待和威胁或使用武器）的经验，性暴力（口头性骚扰，同性恋或跨性别的诽谤，网络和身体上攻击性的性骚扰，和强迫性行为)，和亲密伴侣暴力(IPV；情感，物理，或性暴力)使用年龄调整逻辑回归。
■总共3560名个体(加权累积反应率，5%)完成了2023年CalVEX调查，1978年顺性女性，1431个顺性男性，35名变性妇女，52名变性人,和64名非二元受访者(平均[SD]年龄，47.1[17.5]年；635[17%]是亚洲人，839[37%]是西班牙裔，和1159[37%]为白人）。22名跨性别男性（43％）报告了过去一年的身体暴力，9名变性女性（24％），和9名非二元受访者(14%)。23名跨性别男性(42%)报告了过去一年的性暴力，11名变性女性(14%)，和31个非二元受访者（56%）。与顺式女性相比，跨性别女性和跨性别男性在过去一年中遭受身体暴力（任何形式）的风险更大（跨性别女性调整发生率比率[AIRR]，6.7；95%CI，2.5-18.2；变性男性AIRR，9.7；95%CI，5.3-17.7），以及过去一年的IPV(任何形式)(变性女性AIRR，3.2；95%CI，1.3-8.0；变性男性AIRR，6.7；95%CI，4.0-11.3）。相对于顺性女性，变性男性(AIRR，3.0；95%CI，1.7-5.1)和非二元受访者(AIRR，3.3；95％CI，2.1-5.2）发生过去一年性暴力（任何形式）的风险更大。
■在这项针对加州成年人的调查研究中，结果表明，TGD个体，尤其是变性人,与顺性妇女相比，遭受各种形式暴力的风险更高。结果强调需要确认性别的暴力预防和干预服务以及保护TGD个人免受歧视性暴力侵害的政策。
■评估成年人暴力经历中的性别认同差异。
■来自2023年加利福尼亚暴力经历（CalVEX）调查的横截面数据，加权以提供具有州代表性的估计，用于评估18岁及以上成年人的性别认同与过去一年的暴力经历之间的关联。数据从2023年6月至12月进行了分析。
■性别认同(顺性女性，顺性男性，变性女性,变性人,和非二元个体)。
■身体暴力（包括身体虐待和威胁或使用武器）的经验，性暴力（口头性骚扰，同性恋或跨性别的诽谤，网络和身体上攻击性的性骚扰，和强迫性行为)，和亲密伴侣暴力(IPV；情感，物理，或性暴力)使用年龄调整逻辑回归。
■总共3560名个体(加权累积反应率，5%)完成了2023年CalVEX调查，1978年顺性女性，1431个顺性男性，35名变性妇女，52名变性人,和64名非二元受访者(平均[SD]年龄，47.1[17.5]年；635[17%]是亚洲人，839[37%]是西班牙裔，和1159[37%]为白人）。22名跨性别男性（43％）报告了过去一年的身体暴力，9名变性女性（24％），和9名非二元受访者(14%)。23名跨性别男性(42%)报告了过去一年的性暴力，11名变性女性(14%)，和31个非二元受访者（56%）。与顺式女性相比，跨性别女性和跨性别男性在过去一年中遭受身体暴力（任何形式）的风险更大（跨性别女性调整发生率比率[AIRR]，6.7；95%CI，2.5-18.2；变性男性AIRR，9.7；95%CI，5.3-17.7），以及过去一年的IPV(任何形式)(变性女性AIRR，3.2；95%CI，1.3-8.0；变性男性AIRR，6.7；95%CI，4.0-11.3）。相对于顺性女性，变性男性(AIRR，3.0；95%CI，1.7-5.1)和非二元受访者(AIRR，3.3；95％CI，2.1-5.2）发生过去一年性暴力（任何形式）的风险更大。
■在这项针对加州成年人的调查研究中，结果表明，TGD个体，尤其是变性人,与顺性妇女相比，遭受各种形式暴力的风险更高。结果强调需要确认性别的暴力预防和干预服务以及保护TGD个人免受歧视性暴力侵害的政策。
