Abstract：
Coping with the critical challenge of imidacloprid (IMI) contamination in sewage treatment and farmland drainage purification, this study presents a pioneering development of an advanced modified graphitic white melon seed shells biochar (Fe/Zn@WBC). The Fe/Zn@WBC demonstrates a substantial enhancement in adsorption efficiency for IMI, achieving a remarkable removal rate of 87.69% within 30 min and a significantly higher initial adsorption rate parameter h = 4.176 mg g-1·min-1. This significant improvement outperforms WBC (12.22%, h = 0.115 mg g-1·min-1) and highlights the influence of optimized adsorption conditions at 900 °C and the graphitization degree resulting from Fe/Zn bimetallic oxide modification. Characterization analysis and batch sorption experiments including kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and pH factors illustrate that chemical adsorption is the main type of adsorption mechanism responsible for this superior ability to remove IMI through pore filling, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatics interaction, π-π interactions as well as complexation processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate exceptional stability of Fe/Zn@WBC across a broad pH range (pH = 3-11), co-existing ions presence along with humic acid under various real water conditions while maintaining high removal efficiency. This study presents an advanced biochar adsorbent, Fe/Zn@WBC, with efficient adsorption capacity and easy preparation. Through three regeneration cycles via pyrolysis method, it demonstrates excellent pyrolysis regeneration capabilities with an average removal efficiency of 92.02%. The magnetic properties enable rapid separation facilitated by magnetic analysis. By elucidating the efficacy and mechanistic foundations of Fe/Zn@WBC, this research significantly contributes to the field of environmental remediation by providing a scalable solution for IMI removal and enhancing scientific understanding of bimetallic oxides-hydrophilic organic pollutant interactions.
摘要：
应对污水处理和农田排水净化中吡虫啉（IMI）污染的严峻挑战，这项研究提出了先进的改性石墨白瓜子壳生物炭（Fe/Zn@WBC）的开创性发展。Fe/Zn@WBC对IMI的吸附效率显着提高，在30min内达到87.69％的显着去除率，并且初始吸附速率参数h=4.176mg·g-1·min-1。这一显著改进优于WBC(12.22%，h=0.115mg·g-1·min-1），并强调了在900°C下优化吸附条件的影响以及Fe/Zn双金属氧化物改性产生的石墨化程度。表征分析和分批吸附实验，包括动力学，等温线，热力学和pH因素表明，化学吸附是吸附机制的主要类型，负责这种优越的能力，通过孔隙填充去除IMI，氢键,疏水相互作用，静电相互作用，π-π相互作用以及络合过程。此外，我们证明了Fe/Zn@WBC在宽pH范围（pH=3-11）内的特殊稳定性，在各种实际水条件下与腐殖酸共存的离子存在，同时保持高去除效率。本研究提出了一种先进的生物炭吸附剂，Fe/Zn@WBC，具有高效的吸附能力和易于制备。通过热解方法进行三个再生循环，它显示出优异的热解再生能力，平均去除效率为92.02％。磁特性能够通过磁分析促进快速分离。通过阐明Fe/Zn@WBC的功效和机理基础，这项研究通过为IMI去除提供可扩展的解决方案并增强对双金属氧化物-亲水性有机污染物相互作用的科学理解，为环境修复领域做出了重要贡献。
