Abstract：
Mastitis represents the biggest threat to the health and productivity of dairy cows, leading to substantial economic losses in milk production. It manifests in two forms: clinical mastitis, easily diagnosed by visible symptoms, and subclinical mastitis (SCM), which lacks overt clinical signs. SCM\'s elusive nature often results in it going undetected, thus facilitating the spread of the disease-causing agent due to lack of treatment. Finding a reliable biomarker for early SCM would reduce the possibility of mastitis spreading in the herd, reduce the need for antibiotic use and ultimately reduce milk losses for producers. Utilizing state-of-the-art proteomics techniques, 138 milk samples from dairy cows in continental Croatia underwent analysis. These samples were categorized into four groups based on the Zagreb Mastitis Test (ZMT) and microbiological analysis: lowSCC- (n = 20), lowSCC + (n = 20), medSCC + (n = 79), and highSCC + (n = 19). A total of 386 proteins were identified and quantified, with 76 proteins showing significant differential abundances among the groups. Many of these proteins are linked to the innate immune system, as well as neutrophil and platelet degranulation processes. Through fold changes observed between groups, 15 proteins exhibiting biomarker characteristics for subclinical mastitis (SCM) were identified. Among these, five proteins-cathelicidins (-1, -4, and -7), lactoferrin, and haptoglobin-showed particular promise.
摘要：
乳腺炎是对奶牛健康和生产力的最大威胁，导致牛奶生产中的巨大经济损失。它表现为两种形式：临床乳腺炎，很容易被明显的症状诊断出来，和亚临床乳腺炎（SCM），缺乏明显的临床症状.SCM的难以捉摸的性质往往导致它未被发现，因此，由于缺乏治疗，促进了致病因子的传播。为早期SCM寻找可靠的生物标志物将减少乳腺炎在牛群中传播的可能性，减少对抗生素使用的需求，并最终减少生产者的牛奶损失。利用最先进的蛋白质组学技术，对来自克罗地亚大陆奶牛的138份牛奶样品进行了分析。根据萨格勒布乳腺炎测试（ZMT）和微生物学分析，将这些样品分为四组：低SCC-（n=20），低SCC+(n=20)，medSCC+（n=79），和highSCC+（n=19）。总共对386种蛋白质进行了鉴定和定量，有76种蛋白质在各组之间显示出显著的差异丰度。这些蛋白质中的许多与先天免疫系统有关，以及中性粒细胞和血小板脱颗粒过程。通过观察组间的倍数变化，鉴定了表现出亚临床乳腺炎(SCM)的生物标志物特征的15种蛋白质。其中,五种蛋白质-cathelicidins（-1，-4和-7），乳铁蛋白,和触珠蛋白显示出特别的希望。
