Abstract：
Decisions to disperse from a habitat stand out among organismal behaviours as pivotal drivers of ecosystem dynamics across scales. Encounters with other species are an important component of adaptive decision-making in dispersal, resulting in widespread behaviours like tracking resources or avoiding consumers in space. Despite this, metacommunity models often treat dispersal as a function of intraspecific density alone. We show, focusing initially on three-species network motifs, that interspecific dispersal rules generally drive a transition in metacommunities from homogeneous steady states to self-organized heterogeneous spatial patterns. However, when ecologically realistic constraints reflecting adaptive behaviours are imposed-prey tracking and predator avoidance-a pronounced homogenizing effect emerges where spatial pattern formation is suppressed. We demonstrate this effect for each motif by computing master stability functions that separate the contributions of local and spatial interactions to pattern formation. We extend this result to species-rich food webs using a random matrix approach, where we find that eventually, webs become large enough to override the homogenizing effect of adaptive dispersal behaviours, leading once again to predominately pattern-forming dynamics. Our results emphasize the critical role of interspecific dispersal rules in shaping spatial patterns across landscapes, highlighting the need to incorporate adaptive behavioural constraints in efforts to link local species interactions and metacommunity structure. This article is part of the theme issue \'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics\'.
摘要：
从栖息地分散的决定在有机行为中脱颖而出，是跨尺度生态系统动态的关键驱动因素。与其他物种的相遇是分散适应性决策的重要组成部分，导致广泛的行为，如跟踪资源或避开空间消费者。尽管如此,元社区模型通常仅将分散视为种内密度的函数。我们展示,最初专注于三物种网络图案，种间分散规则通常会推动元社区从同质稳态过渡到自组织的异质空间模式。然而,当施加反映适应性行为的生态现实约束时-猎物跟踪和捕食者回避-在抑制空间格局形成的地方出现明显的均质化效应。我们通过计算主稳定性函数来证明每个基序的这种效果，这些函数将局部和空间相互作用对图案形成的贡献分开。我们使用随机矩阵方法将这个结果扩展到物种丰富的食物网，我们最终发现，网变得足够大，以覆盖自适应分散行为的均匀化效应，再次导致主要的模式形成动力学。我们的结果强调了种间扩散规则在塑造景观空间格局中的关键作用，强调需要将适应性行为约束纳入努力中，以将当地物种相互作用和元群落结构联系起来。本文是主题问题“扩散的多样性依赖性：种间相互作用决定空间动力学”的一部分。
