PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes before gestation. Unrecognized and untreated GDM confers significantly greater maternal and fetal risk, which is largely related to the degree of hyperglycemia. The specific risks of diabetes in pregnancy include but are not limited to, spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, fetal anomalies, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. Additionally, GDM is also implicated in long-term metabolic derangements in the offspring in the form of obesity/overweight, hypertension, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemias later in life. To determine the prevalence of anthropometric and metabolic derangements in children between 1 and 5 years of age, born to women with GDM.
UNASSIGNED: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and November 2021 at our Pediatric Endocrine Clinic. Women were diagnosed as having GDM based on the American Diabetes Association Criteria (2019). History regarding the treatment of the GDM (diet only/diet and medical treatment) and detailed physical examination, including anthropometry and blood pressure, were recorded. Blood samples were collected from children for the estimation of their metabolic profile.
UNASSIGNED: Overweight, obesity, and severe obesity were present in 18 (11.3%), 2 (1.3%), and 2 (1.3%) children, respectively. Hypertension was found in 21 (19.4%) children. Elevated LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were seen in 3 (1.9%), 84 (52.5%), and 1 (0.6%) children, respectively. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found in 6 (3.8%) children, while 27 (16.9%) subjects were found to be having impaired glucose tolerance after OGTT. Insulin resistance was found in 30 (18.8%) children. GDM mothers with a higher BMI tended to have children with a higher BMI (correlation coefficient, r = .414, P < .001). Higher serum triglyceride levels (r = -0.034, P = 0.672) were recorded in children, irrespective of the BMI of their mothers. There was no significant correlation of maternal BMI with blood pressure (r = -0.134, P = 0.091) or with HOMA-IR (r = 0.00, P = 0.996) in children. However, mothers with a higher BMI had children with statistically higher fasting blood glucose (r = +0.339, P = <0.001) as well as blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT (r = +0.297, P = <0.001). This positive correlation of maternal BMI with the glucose metabolism of their offspring was observed for both male and female genders.
UNASSIGNED: Children of women with GDM had a higher BMI, and the mode of treatment for GDM did not lead to differences in childhood BMI. The higher BMI of a GDM mother is associated with altered glucose metabolism in their offspring. Deranged levels of triglyceride across the gender were not found to be statistically significant. This has implications for future metabolic and cardiovascular risks in targeting this group for intervention studies to prevent obesity and disorders of glucose metabolism as one potential strategy to prevent adverse metabolic health outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and November 2021 at our Pediatric Endocrine Clinic. Women were diagnosed as having GDM based on the American Diabetes Association Criteria (2019). History regarding the treatment of the GDM (diet only/diet and medical treatment) and detailed physical examination, including anthropometry and blood pressure, were recorded. Blood samples were collected from children for the estimation of their metabolic profile.
UNASSIGNED: Overweight, obesity, and severe obesity were present in 18 (11.3%), 2 (1.3%), and 2 (1.3%) children, respectively. Hypertension was found in 21 (19.4%) children. Elevated LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were seen in 3 (1.9%), 84 (52.5%), and 1 (0.6%) children, respectively. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found in 6 (3.8%) children, while 27 (16.9%) subjects were found to be having impaired glucose tolerance after OGTT. Insulin resistance was found in 30 (18.8%) children. GDM mothers with a higher BMI tended to have children with a higher BMI (correlation coefficient, r = .414, P < .001). Higher serum triglyceride levels (r = -0.034, P = 0.672) were recorded in children, irrespective of the BMI of their mothers. There was no significant correlation of maternal BMI with blood pressure (r = -0.134, P = 0.091) or with HOMA-IR (r = 0.00, P = 0.996) in children. However, mothers with a higher BMI had children with statistically higher fasting blood glucose (r = +0.339, P = <0.001) as well as blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT (r = +0.297, P = <0.001). This positive correlation of maternal BMI with the glucose metabolism of their offspring was observed for both male and female genders.
UNASSIGNED: Children of women with GDM had a higher BMI, and the mode of treatment for GDM did not lead to differences in childhood BMI. The higher BMI of a GDM mother is associated with altered glucose metabolism in their offspring. Deranged levels of triglyceride across the gender were not found to be statistically significant. This has implications for future metabolic and cardiovascular risks in targeting this group for intervention studies to prevent obesity and disorders of glucose metabolism as one potential strategy to prevent adverse metabolic health outcomes.
摘要：
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）定义为在妊娠的第二或第三个三个月诊断的糖尿病，在妊娠前没有明显的糖尿病。未识别和未治疗的GDM赋予显著更大的母体和胎儿风险。这在很大程度上与高血糖的程度有关。妊娠期糖尿病的具体风险包括但不限于，自然流产,先兆子痫,胎儿畸形,巨大儿,新生儿低血糖,高胆红素血症,和呼吸窘迫综合征.此外,GDM还涉及肥胖/超重形式的后代的长期代谢紊乱，高血压,血糖异常，胰岛素抵抗，和以后的血脂异常。为了确定1至5岁儿童的人体测量和代谢紊乱的患病率，出生于GDM女性。
■这项基于医院的横断面研究于2019年11月至2021年11月在我们的儿科内分泌诊所进行。根据美国糖尿病协会标准（2019年），女性被诊断为患有GDM。关于GDM治疗的历史（仅饮食/饮食和医疗）和详细的体格检查，包括人体测量和血压,被记录下来。从儿童收集血样以估计其代谢谱。
■超重，肥胖，18例(11.3%)出现严重肥胖，2（1.3%），和2名(1.3%)儿童，分别。在21名（19.4％）儿童中发现了高血压。LDL升高,甘油三酯，总胆固醇见于3例(1.9%)，84（52.5%），和1名(0.6%)儿童，分别。6名（3.8％）儿童发现空腹血糖（IFG）受损，而27名（16.9%）受试者在OGTT后发现糖耐量受损。30例（18.8%）儿童出现胰岛素抵抗。BMI较高的GDM母亲往往有BMI较高的孩子(相关系数，r=.414，P<.001）。儿童血清甘油三酯水平较高(r=-0.034,P=0.672),无论母亲的BMI如何。孕妇BMI与儿童血压(r=-0.134,P=0.091)或HOMA-IR(r=0.00,P=0.996)无明显相关性。然而,BMI较高的母亲的儿童空腹血糖(r=+0.339,P=<0.001)和OGTT后2小时血糖(r=+0.297,P=<0.001)均较高.男性和女性均观察到母亲BMI与其后代的葡萄糖代谢呈正相关。
■患有GDM的女性的孩子有更高的BMI，GDM的治疗模式并未导致儿童BMI的差异。GDM母亲的较高BMI与后代的葡萄糖代谢改变有关。不同性别的甘油三酯水平没有统计学意义。这对未来的代谢和心血管风险具有影响，可以针对该人群进行干预研究，以预防肥胖和葡萄糖代谢紊乱，作为预防不良代谢健康结果的潜在策略。
■这项基于医院的横断面研究于2019年11月至2021年11月在我们的儿科内分泌诊所进行。根据美国糖尿病协会标准（2019年），女性被诊断为患有GDM。关于GDM治疗的历史（仅饮食/饮食和医疗）和详细的体格检查，包括人体测量和血压,被记录下来。从儿童收集血样以估计其代谢谱。
■超重，肥胖，18例(11.3%)出现严重肥胖，2（1.3%），和2名(1.3%)儿童，分别。在21名（19.4％）儿童中发现了高血压。LDL升高,甘油三酯，总胆固醇见于3例(1.9%)，84（52.5%），和1名(0.6%)儿童，分别。6名（3.8％）儿童发现空腹血糖（IFG）受损，而27名（16.9%）受试者在OGTT后发现糖耐量受损。30例（18.8%）儿童出现胰岛素抵抗。BMI较高的GDM母亲往往有BMI较高的孩子(相关系数，r=.414，P<.001）。儿童血清甘油三酯水平较高(r=-0.034,P=0.672),无论母亲的BMI如何。孕妇BMI与儿童血压(r=-0.134,P=0.091)或HOMA-IR(r=0.00,P=0.996)无明显相关性。然而,BMI较高的母亲的儿童空腹血糖(r=+0.339,P=<0.001)和OGTT后2小时血糖(r=+0.297,P=<0.001)均较高.男性和女性均观察到母亲BMI与其后代的葡萄糖代谢呈正相关。
■患有GDM的女性的孩子有更高的BMI，GDM的治疗模式并未导致儿童BMI的差异。GDM母亲的较高BMI与后代的葡萄糖代谢改变有关。不同性别的甘油三酯水平没有统计学意义。这对未来的代谢和心血管风险具有影响，可以针对该人群进行干预研究，以预防肥胖和葡萄糖代谢紊乱，作为预防不良代谢健康结果的潜在策略。
