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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be described as a violation of human rights that results from gender inequality. It has arisen as a contemporary issue in societies from both developing and industrialized countries and an impediment to long-term development. This study evaluates the prevalence of IPV and its variants among the empowerment status of women and identify the associated sociodemographic parameters, linked to IPV.
METHODS: This study is based on data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of India, 2019-21 a nationwide survey that provides scientific data on health and family welfare. Prevalence of IPV were estimated among variouss social and demographic strata. Pearson chi-square test was used to estimate the strength of association between each possible covariate and IPV. Significantly associated covariates (from univariate logistic regression) were further analyzed through separate bivariate logistic models for each of the components of IPV, viz-a-viz sexual, emotional, physical and severe violence of the partners.
RESULTS: The prevalence of IPV among empowered women was found to be 26.21%. Among those who had experienced IPV, two-thirds (60%) were faced the physical violence. When compared to highly empowered women, less empowered women were 74% more likely to face emotional abuse. Alcohol consumption by a partner was established to be attributing immensely for any kind of violence, including sexual violence [AOR: 3.28 (2.83-3.81)].
CONCLUSIONS: Our research found that less empowered women experience all forms of IPV compared to more empowered women. More efforts should to taken by government and other stakeholders to promote women empowerment by improving education, autonomy and decision-making ability.
METHODS: This study is based on data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of India, 2019-21 a nationwide survey that provides scientific data on health and family welfare. Prevalence of IPV were estimated among variouss social and demographic strata. Pearson chi-square test was used to estimate the strength of association between each possible covariate and IPV. Significantly associated covariates (from univariate logistic regression) were further analyzed through separate bivariate logistic models for each of the components of IPV, viz-a-viz sexual, emotional, physical and severe violence of the partners.
RESULTS: The prevalence of IPV among empowered women was found to be 26.21%. Among those who had experienced IPV, two-thirds (60%) were faced the physical violence. When compared to highly empowered women, less empowered women were 74% more likely to face emotional abuse. Alcohol consumption by a partner was established to be attributing immensely for any kind of violence, including sexual violence [AOR: 3.28 (2.83-3.81)].
CONCLUSIONS: Our research found that less empowered women experience all forms of IPV compared to more empowered women. More efforts should to taken by government and other stakeholders to promote women empowerment by improving education, autonomy and decision-making ability.
摘要：
背景：亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）可以描述为性别不平等导致的侵犯人权行为。它已成为发展中国家和工业化国家社会的当代问题，是长期发展的障碍。这项研究评估了妇女赋权状况中IPV及其变体的患病率，并确定了相关的社会人口统计学参数，链接到IPV。
方法：本研究基于印度全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）的数据，2019-21是一项全国性调查，提供有关健康和家庭福利的科学数据。在各种社会和人口阶层中估计IPV的患病率。Pearson卡方检验用于估计每个可能的协变量与IPV之间的关联强度。显著相关的协变量（来自单变量逻辑回归）通过单独的双变量逻辑模型进一步分析IPV的每个组成部分，viz-a-viz性，情感,伴侣的身体和严重暴力。
结果：被授权女性中IPV的患病率为26.21%。在那些经历过IPV的人中，三分之二（60％）面临身体暴力。与高度授权的女性相比，权力较低的女性面临情感虐待的可能性要高出74%。伴侣的酒精消费被确定为极大地归因于任何形式的暴力，包括性暴力[AOR：3.28（2.83-3.81）]。
结论：我们的研究发现，与更有能力的女性相比，能力较弱的女性会经历各种形式的IPV。政府和其他利益攸关方应作出更多努力，通过改善教育来促进妇女赋权，自主性和决策能力。
方法：本研究基于印度全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）的数据，2019-21是一项全国性调查，提供有关健康和家庭福利的科学数据。在各种社会和人口阶层中估计IPV的患病率。Pearson卡方检验用于估计每个可能的协变量与IPV之间的关联强度。显著相关的协变量（来自单变量逻辑回归）通过单独的双变量逻辑模型进一步分析IPV的每个组成部分，viz-a-viz性，情感,伴侣的身体和严重暴力。
结果：被授权女性中IPV的患病率为26.21%。在那些经历过IPV的人中，三分之二（60％）面临身体暴力。与高度授权的女性相比，权力较低的女性面临情感虐待的可能性要高出74%。伴侣的酒精消费被确定为极大地归因于任何形式的暴力，包括性暴力[AOR：3.28（2.83-3.81）]。
结论：我们的研究发现，与更有能力的女性相比，能力较弱的女性会经历各种形式的IPV。政府和其他利益攸关方应作出更多努力，通过改善教育来促进妇女赋权，自主性和决策能力。
