Abstract：
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
摘要：
有规律的身体活动可以促进健康，并有助于发展个人的生物潜力。在中等和高强度下进行的长期体力活动是更有利于运动员健康发展和改善肠道微生物群平衡的强度。运动微生物组的特征在于增加的微生物多样性和丰度以及更大的表型多功能性。此外,身体活动和微生物群组成有双向影响，有规律的身体活动改善微生物组成和微生物组成增强物理性能。健康微生物群的身体性能改善与不同的表型有关：i）有效的代谢发育，ii)改善肠道通透性的调节，iii）局部和全身炎症和有效免疫反应的有利调节，iv)有效调节系统pH值，v）防止急性应激事件，例如环境暴露于海拔或高温。运动的类型,强度或体积特征都促进了微生物群的专业化。肠道微生物群状态的个体评估可以是用于监测中长期健康的有效生物标志物。微生物群和身体其他部分之间的关系是双向的和共生的，神经的系统功能之间有充分的联系，肌肉骨骼，内分泌，新陈代谢，酸碱和免疫系统。此外,昼夜节律,包括有规律的体力活动,直接影响微生物群的适应性反应。总之,适度和高强度体力活动的定期刺激促进更大的多样性，丰度,肠道微生物群的弹性和多功能性。当健康的生活习惯包括营养时，这种效果对人类健康非常有益，水合作用,休息,时间调节和身体活动。
