Abstract：
This chapter overviews genetic techniques\' fundamentals and methodological features, including different approaches, analyses, and applications that have contributed to advancing health and disease. The aim is to describe laboratory methodologies and analyses employed to understand the genetic landscape of different biological contexts, from conventional techniques to cutting-edge technologies. Besides describing detailed aspects of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and derived types as one of the principles for many novel techniques, we also discuss microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing, and genome editing technologies such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. These techniques study several phenotypes, ranging from autoimmune disorders to viral diseases. The significance of integrating diverse genetic methodologies and tools to understand host genetics comprehensively and addressing the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) associated with using genetic information is highlighted. Overall, the methods, procedures, and applications in host genetic analysis provided in this chapter furnish researchers and practitioners with a roadmap for navigating the dynamic landscape of host-genome interactions.
摘要：
本章概述了遗传技术的基本原理和方法论特征，包括不同的方法，分析，以及有助于促进健康和疾病发展的应用。目的是描述用于了解不同生物学环境的遗传景观的实验室方法和分析，从传统技术到尖端技术。除了描述聚合酶链反应（PCR）的详细方面和衍生类型作为许多新技术的原理之一，我们还讨论了微阵列分析，下一代测序，和基因组编辑技术，例如转录激活因子样效应核酸酶（TALEN）和成簇的规则间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）和CRISPR相关（Cas）系统。这些技术研究几种表型，从自身免疫性疾病到病毒性疾病。整合多种遗传方法和工具以全面了解宿主遗传学并解决伦理学问题的重要性，legal,并强调了与使用遗传信息相关的社会影响(ELSI)。总的来说,方法,程序,以及本章提供的宿主遗传分析中的应用为研究人员和从业人员提供了导航宿主-基因组相互作用动态景观的路线图。
