Abstract：
Malaria continues to be a global public health problem although it has been eliminated from many countries. Sri Lanka and China are two countries that recently achieved malaria elimination status, and many countries in Southeast Asia are currently in the pipeline for achieving the same goal by 2030. However, Plasmodium knowlesi, a non-human primate malaria parasite continues to pose a threat to public health in this region, infecting many humans in all countries in Southeast Asia except for Timor-Leste. Besides, other non-human primate malaria parasite such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui are infecting humans in the region. The non-human primates, the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques which harbour these parasites are now increasingly prevalent in farms and forest fringes close by to the villages. Additionally, the Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to the Lecuosphyrus Group are also present in these areas which makes them ideal for transmitting the non-human primate malaria parasites. With changing landscape and deforestation, non-human primate malaria parasites will affect more humans in the coming years with the elimination of human malaria. Perhaps due to loss of immunity, more humans will be infected as currently being demonstrated in Malaysia. Thus, control measures need to be instituted rapidly to achieve the malaria elimination status by 2030. However, the zoonotic origin of the parasite and the changes of the vectors behaviour to early biting seems to be the stumbling block to the malaria elimination efforts in this region. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in malaria elimination due to deforestation and the serious threat posed by non-human primate malaria parasites.
摘要：
疟疾仍然是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，尽管它已经从许多国家消除。斯里兰卡和中国是最近获得消除疟疾地位的两个国家，东南亚的许多国家目前正在筹备到2030年实现同样的目标。然而,诺氏疟原虫,一种非人类灵长类疟疾寄生虫继续对该地区的公众健康构成威胁，感染了除东帝汶以外的东南亚所有国家的许多人。此外,其他非人灵长类疟疾寄生虫，如食蟹性疟原虫和疟原虫感染该地区的人类。非人灵长类动物,携带这些寄生虫的长尾和猪尾猕猴现在在村庄附近的农场和森林边缘越来越普遍。此外,这些地区也存在属于Lecuosphhyrus组的按蚊，这使得它们非常适合传播非人灵长类疟疾寄生虫。随着景观的变化和森林的砍伐，随着人类疟疾的消除，非人灵长类疟疾寄生虫将在未来几年影响更多的人类。也许是因为失去了豁免权,更多的人将被感染，目前在马来西亚被证明。因此，需要迅速采取控制措施，以在2030年之前实现消除疟疾的状态。然而,寄生虫的人畜共患起源和媒介行为对早期叮咬的变化似乎是该地区消除疟疾努力的绊脚石。在这次审查中,我们讨论了由于森林砍伐而消除疟疾所面临的挑战以及非人类灵长类动物疟疾寄生虫构成的严重威胁。
