PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dietary changes are necessary to improve population health and meet environmental sustainability targets. Here we analyse the impact of promotional activities implemented in UK supermarkets on purchases of healthier and more sustainable foods.
METHODS: Three natural experiments examined the impact of promotional activities on sales of a) no-added-sugar (NAS) plant-based milk (in 199 stores), b) products promoted during \'Veganuary\' (in 96 stores), and c) seasonal fruit (in 100 non-randomised intervention and 100 matched control stores). Data were provided on store-level product sales, in units sold and monetary value (£), aggregated weekly. Predominant socioeconomic position (SEP) of the store population was provided by the retailer. Analyses used interrupted time series and multivariable hierarchical mixed-effects models.
RESULTS: Sales of both promoted and total NAS plant-based milks increased significantly during the promotional period (Promoted:+126 units, 95%CI: 105-148; Overall:+307 units, 95%CI: 264-349). The increase was greater in stores with predominately low SEP shoppers. During Veganuary, sales increased significantly for plant-based foods on promotion (+60 units, 95%CI: 37-84), but not for sales of plant-based foods overall (dairy alternatives: -1131 units, 95%CI: -5821-3559; meat alternatives: 1403 units, 95%CI: -749-3554). There was no evidence of a change in weekly sales of promoted seasonal fruit products (assessed via ratio change in units sold: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00-0.02), and overall fruit category sales slightly decreased in intervention stores relative to control (ratio change in units sold: -0.01, 95%CI: -0.01-0.00).
CONCLUSIONS: During promotional campaigns there was evidence that sales of plant-based products increased, but not seasonal fruits. There was no evidence for any sustained change beyond the intervention period.
METHODS: Three natural experiments examined the impact of promotional activities on sales of a) no-added-sugar (NAS) plant-based milk (in 199 stores), b) products promoted during \'Veganuary\' (in 96 stores), and c) seasonal fruit (in 100 non-randomised intervention and 100 matched control stores). Data were provided on store-level product sales, in units sold and monetary value (£), aggregated weekly. Predominant socioeconomic position (SEP) of the store population was provided by the retailer. Analyses used interrupted time series and multivariable hierarchical mixed-effects models.
RESULTS: Sales of both promoted and total NAS plant-based milks increased significantly during the promotional period (Promoted:+126 units, 95%CI: 105-148; Overall:+307 units, 95%CI: 264-349). The increase was greater in stores with predominately low SEP shoppers. During Veganuary, sales increased significantly for plant-based foods on promotion (+60 units, 95%CI: 37-84), but not for sales of plant-based foods overall (dairy alternatives: -1131 units, 95%CI: -5821-3559; meat alternatives: 1403 units, 95%CI: -749-3554). There was no evidence of a change in weekly sales of promoted seasonal fruit products (assessed via ratio change in units sold: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00-0.02), and overall fruit category sales slightly decreased in intervention stores relative to control (ratio change in units sold: -0.01, 95%CI: -0.01-0.00).
CONCLUSIONS: During promotional campaigns there was evidence that sales of plant-based products increased, but not seasonal fruits. There was no evidence for any sustained change beyond the intervention period.
摘要：
背景：饮食变化对于改善人群健康和实现环境可持续性目标是必要的。在这里，我们分析了英国超市实施的促销活动对购买更健康，更可持续食品的影响。
方法：三个自然实验检查了促销活动对a）无添加糖（NAS）植物性牛奶（199家商店）销售的影响，B)在“素食”期间推广的产品(在96家商店中)，和c)季节性水果(在100个非随机干预和100个匹配的对照存储中)。提供了商店一级产品销售的数据，以售出单位和货币价值(GB)计算，每周汇总。商店人口的主要社会经济地位(SEP)由零售商提供。分析使用中断时间序列和多变量分层混合效应模型。
结果：促销期间，促销和NAS植物性牛奶的总销量显着增加（促销：126个单位，95CI：105-148；总体：+307台，95CI:264-349)。在SEP购物者普遍较低的商店中，增幅更大。在素食期间，促销时植物性食品的销售额大幅增长(+60单位，95CI:37-84)，但不用于整体植物性食品的销售(乳制品替代品：-1131单位，95CI：-5821-3559；肉类替代品：1403单位，95CI：-749-3554）。没有证据表明促销的季节性水果产品的每周销售发生变化（通过销售单位的比率变化进行评估：0.01，95CI：0.00-0.02），相对于对照，干预商店的整体水果类别销售额略有下降（销售单位的比率变化：-0.01，95CI：-0.01-0.00）。
结论：在促销活动中，有证据表明植物性产品的销售有所增加，但不是时令水果。没有证据表明干预期后有任何持续变化。
方法：三个自然实验检查了促销活动对a）无添加糖（NAS）植物性牛奶（199家商店）销售的影响，B)在“素食”期间推广的产品(在96家商店中)，和c)季节性水果(在100个非随机干预和100个匹配的对照存储中)。提供了商店一级产品销售的数据，以售出单位和货币价值(GB)计算，每周汇总。商店人口的主要社会经济地位(SEP)由零售商提供。分析使用中断时间序列和多变量分层混合效应模型。
结果：促销期间，促销和NAS植物性牛奶的总销量显着增加（促销：126个单位，95CI：105-148；总体：+307台，95CI:264-349)。在SEP购物者普遍较低的商店中，增幅更大。在素食期间，促销时植物性食品的销售额大幅增长(+60单位，95CI:37-84)，但不用于整体植物性食品的销售(乳制品替代品：-1131单位，95CI：-5821-3559；肉类替代品：1403单位，95CI：-749-3554）。没有证据表明促销的季节性水果产品的每周销售发生变化（通过销售单位的比率变化进行评估：0.01，95CI：0.00-0.02），相对于对照，干预商店的整体水果类别销售额略有下降（销售单位的比率变化：-0.01，95CI：-0.01-0.00）。
结论：在促销活动中，有证据表明植物性产品的销售有所增加，但不是时令水果。没有证据表明干预期后有任何持续变化。
