PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate anti-cancer immunity by blocking T cell checkpoint molecules such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Although ICIs induce some durable responses in various cancer patients, they also have disadvantages, including low response rates, the potential for severe side effects, and high treatment costs. Therefore, selection of patients who can benefit from ICI treatment is critical, and identification of biomarkers is essential to improve the efficiency of ICIs. In this review, we provide updated information on established predictive biomarkers (tumor programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] expression, DNA mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability high, and tumor mutational burden) and potential biomarkers currently under investigation such as tumor-infiltrated and peripheral lymphocytes, gut microbiome, and signaling pathways related to DNA damage and antigen presentation. In particular, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of biomarkers, discuss issues, and further explore future biomarkers.
摘要：
免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)通过阻断T细胞检查点分子如程序性死亡1(PD-1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)来激活抗癌免疫。尽管ICI在各种癌症患者中诱导了一些持久的反应，它们也有缺点，包括低反应率，潜在的严重副作用，治疗费用高。因此,选择可以从ICI治疗中受益的患者至关重要，生物标志物的识别对于提高ICI的效率至关重要。在这次审查中,我们提供有关已建立的预测性生物标志物的最新信息（肿瘤程序性死亡配体1[PD-L1]表达，DNA错配修复缺陷,微卫星不稳定性高，和肿瘤突变负担）和目前正在研究的潜在生物标志物，如肿瘤浸润和外周淋巴细胞，肠道微生物组，以及与DNA损伤和抗原呈递相关的信号通路。特别是,这篇综述旨在总结生物标志物的最新知识，讨论问题,并进一步探索未来的生物标志物。
