PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The success of an organism depends on the molecular and ecological adaptations that promote its beneficial fitness. Parasitoids are valuable biocontrol agents for successfully managing agricultural pests, and they have evolved diversified strategies to adapt to both the physiological condition of hosts and the competition of other parasitoids. Here, we deconstructed the parasitic strategies in a highly successful parasitoid, Trichopria drosophilae, which parasitizes a broad range of Drosophila hosts, including the globally invasive species D. suzukii. We found that T. drosophilae had developed specialized venom proteins that arrest host development to obtain more nutrients via secreting tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as well as a unique type of cell-teratocytes-that digest host tissues for feeding by releasing trypsin proteins. In addition to the molecular adaptations that optimize nutritional uptake, this pupal parasitoid has evolved ecologically adaptive strategies including the conditional tolerance of intraspecific competition to enhance parasitic success in older hosts and the obligate avoidance of interspecific competition with larval parasitoids. Our study not only demystifies how parasitoids weaponize themselves to colonize formidable hosts but also provided empirical evidence of the intricate coordination between the molecular and ecological adaptations that drive evolutionary success.
摘要：
有机体的成功取决于促进其有益适应性的分子和生态适应。寄生虫是成功管理农业害虫的有价值的生物防治剂，他们已经进化出多样化的策略来适应宿主的生理条件和其他寄生虫的竞争。这里,我们在一个非常成功的寄生虫中解构了寄生策略，果蝇毛虫，寄生在广泛的果蝇宿主中，包括全球入侵物种D.suzuki.我们发现果蝇已经开发出专门的毒液蛋白，通过分泌金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂（TIMPs）来阻止宿主发育以获得更多的营养，以及一种独特的细胞-畸胎细胞-消化宿主组织以通过释放胰蛋白酶蛋白来进食。除了优化营养吸收的分子适应，这种p类寄生虫已经发展出生态适应策略，包括对种内竞争的有条件耐受性，以增强在较老宿主中的寄生成功，以及避免与幼虫类寄生虫的种间竞争。我们的研究不仅揭开了寄生虫如何将自己武器化以定居强大的宿主的神秘面纱，而且还提供了推动进化成功的分子和生态适应之间复杂协调的经验证据。
