PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has caused widespread mortality in both wild and domestic birds in Europe 2020-2023. In July 2023, HPAI A(H5N1) was detected on 27 fur farms in Finland. In total, infections in silver and blue foxes, American minks and raccoon dogs were confirmed by RT-PCR. The pathological findings in the animals include widespread inflammatory lesions in the lungs, brain and liver, indicating efficient systemic dissemination of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis of Finnish A(H5N1) strains from fur animals and wild birds has identified three clusters (Finland I-III), and molecular analyses revealed emergence of mutations known to facilitate viral adaptation to mammals in the PB2 and NA proteins. Findings of avian influenza in fur animals were spatially and temporally connected with mass mortalities in wild birds. The mechanisms of virus transmission within and between farms have not been conclusively identified, but several different routes relating to limited biosecurity on the farms are implicated. The outbreak was managed in close collaboration between animal and human health authorities to mitigate and monitor the impact for both animal and human health.
摘要：
高致病性禽流感（HPAI）在欧洲2020-2023年造成了野生和家禽的广泛死亡。2023年7月，在芬兰的27个毛皮农场发现了HPAIA（H5N1）。总的来说,银狐和蓝狐感染，通过RT-PCR确认了美国水貂和浣熊犬。动物的病理发现包括肺部广泛的炎性病变，大脑和肝脏,表明病毒的有效系统传播。来自毛皮动物和野生鸟类的芬兰A（H5N1）菌株的系统发育分析确定了三个簇（芬兰I-III），和分子分析显示，在PB2和NA蛋白中出现了已知有助于病毒适应哺乳动物的突变。毛皮动物中禽流感的发现在空间和时间上与野生鸟类的大规模死亡率有关。病毒在农场内部和农场之间的传播机制尚未最终确定，但是涉及农场有限的生物安全的几种不同途径。此次疫情由动物和人类卫生当局密切合作管理，以减轻和监测对动物和人类健康的影响。
